Therapeutic Exercise Goals and Principles

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Questions and Answers

What does muscle endurance refer to?

The ability to produce maximum force in the shortest time

The ability to contract repeatedly and resist fatigue (correct)

The time required to initiate a response to a stimulus

The ability to maintain equilibrium

Agility is defined as the ability to change body position and direction quickly and efficiently.

True

What is the overload principle in therapeutic exercise?

A load that exceeds the metabolic capacity of the muscle must be applied to improve muscle performance.

___ is the ability to maintain the body in equilibrium.

Balance Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle contraction type is primarily responsible for lengthening under tension?

Eccentric Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Strength = Ability to produce tension and force to overcome resistance Power = Ability to produce maximum force in the shortest time Reaction time = Time required to initiate a response to a given stimulus Coordination = Integration of the nervous system to produce harmonious body movement Signup and view all the answers

In a Closed Kinetic Chain (CKC) exercise, the distal segment is free to move in space.

False Signup and view all the answers

What exercise phase primarily focuses on rapid muscle stretch to contraction?

Plyometrics Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a goal of therapeutic exercise?

Weight loss Signup and view all the answers

___ is the first gain lost when exercise is discontinued.

Endurance Signup and view all the answers

The concept of reversibility states that once a certain level of fitness is achieved, it will be maintained indefinitely.

False Signup and view all the answers

In therapeutic exercise, what does neuromuscular reactivity refer to?

The ability of the nervous system to respond quickly and efficiently to stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following phases of rehab with their characteristics:

Maximum Protection = Inflammatory phase with PROM and muscle setting Controlled Motion = Repair phase with OKC/CKC stabilization exercises Return to Function = Remodeling phase with strength and endurance exercises Signup and view all the answers

The principle of ___ implies that muscle performance can only be improved by exercising beyond normal levels.

Overload Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended repetition maximum (RM) range for strength gains?

6-12 RM Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle performance refers to the ability to produce work over time?

Endurance Signup and view all the answers

OKC exercises are typically performed in weight-bearing positions.

False Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Repetition Maximum' (RM) refer to?

The greatest amount of weight a muscle can move through the available range of motion a specific number of times. Signup and view all the answers

The tension generating capability during muscle contraction from greatest to least is ___, isometric, concentric.

eccentric Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT influence the amount of tension a muscle can generate?

Age of the individual Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Goals of Therapeutic Exercise

Strength: Ability of contractile tissue to generate force against resistance.
Muscle Endurance: Ability of a muscle to repeatedly contract, generate tension, and resist fatigue over time.
Power: Ability to produce maximum force in the shortest time (rate of performing work). Work is calculated as force multiplied by distance per unit of time.
Balance: Maintaining the body in equilibrium.
Reaction Time: Time to respond to a stimulus.
Coordination: Integration of the nervous system for smooth, harmonious body movement.
Agility: Ability to quickly and efficiently change body position and direction.
Cardiovascular Endurance: Capacity to sustain cardiovascular activity.
Neuromuscular Reactivity: Response of the neuromuscular system.

Principles of Therapeutic Exercise

Overload Principle: To improve muscle performance, apply a load exceeding the muscle's metabolic capacity.
Specificity Principle: Exercises should mimic anticipated function in the training program.
Length-Tension Relationship: Muscle generates greatest force at midrange or slightly beyond.
Reversibility Principle: (Specificity - correction in the intro) Gains from exercise are lost if the exercise is stopped.

Muscle Contraction Types

Eccentric Contraction: Muscle lengthens while contracting; crucial for shock absorption and deceleration. Eccentric contractions tend to generate greater tension than isometric or concentric contractions.
Concentric Contraction: Muscle shortens while contracting.
Isometric Contraction: Static muscle contraction with no joint movement.

Open Kinetic Chain (OKC) vs. Closed Kinetic Chain (CKC)

OKC: Distal segment moves freely in space. Movement occurs only distal to the joint. Typically non-weight-bearing. Isolated muscle action of the prime mover.
CKC: Distal segment is fixed. Often in weight-bearing positions. Joint approximation (which are mechanoreceptors) and muscle facilitation occur. Multiple muscle groups co-contract for stability. CKC exercises increase challenge with OTIS and ITIS.

Exercise Dosing

Power: 1-8 repetitions maximum (RM) with 2-3 sets (80-100% of 1RM).
Strength: 6-12 RM, 2-3 sets (70-80% of 1RM).
Endurance: More than 12 repetitions with low weight, 3-5 sets (<70% of 1RM).

Repetition Maximum (RM)

RM: Greatest weight (load) a muscle can move through the full ROM a specific number of times.
Power exercises use 80-100% of 1RM.
Strength exercises use 70-80% of 1RM.
Endurance exercises use <70% of 1RM.

Phases of Rehabilitation

Maximum Protection (Acute): Inflammatory phase; maximal protection; passive range of motion (PROM) and muscle setting exercises.
Controlled Motion (Sub-Acute): Repair and healing; controlled movement; open and closed kinetic chain exercises; emphasis on muscle endurance.
Return to Function: Remodeling; increase strength and endurance. Functional exercise; agility drills; plyometrics.

Response to Exercise

Monitoring heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and glucose levels is important during and following exercise.

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Description

This quiz explores the fundamental goals and principles of therapeutic exercise including strength, endurance, power, and agility. It focuses on how to achieve optimal physical performance and recovery through various techniques and concepts. Test your knowledge on these key elements of physical therapy and exercise science.