23 Questions
When is TDM needed for a patient?
When non-compliance is suspected
Which situation would require TDM?
Changes in renal/liver functions
What is a reason to initiate TDM?
When toxicity or treatment failure are suspected
When is TDM necessary during medication changes?
When switching from one dosage form to another
What is not a reason to initiate TDM?
When the patient is experiencing no symptoms
What is the primary factor that determines the concentration gradient between the systemic circulation and the site of action?
Transport processes
What is the purpose of a loading dose?
To rapidly achieve a desired plasma concentration
What is the relationship between clearance and the volume of distribution?
Clearance is directly proportional to the volume of distribution
What is the half-life of a drug dependent on?
Elimination rate constant and volume of distribution
What is the total clearance of a drug composed of?
Renal clearance and non-renal clearance
What is the maintenance dose of a drug equal to?
The rate of elimination at steady state
What is the term for the predictable relationship between plasma drug concentration and concentration at the receptor site?
Kinetic homogeneity
What is the primary application of pharmacokinetic data collected during drug development and clinical trials?
Design of dosage regimens and route of administration
What is the term for the concentration of drug in the blood that is achieved when the amount of drug administered is equal to the amount of drug eliminated in that same period of time?
Cpss
What is the primary assumption behind pharmacokinetic modeling?
Drug concentration in the blood is in equilibrium with the drug concentration at the site of action
What is the term for the process of converting a drug dosage regimen from one route of administration to another?
Regimen conversion
What is the term for the relationship between the amount of drug administered and the amount of drug eliminated in a given period of time?
MD = Cl x Cp x t
What is the primary focus of Pharmacokinetics?
The study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of a drug
What does the term 'bioavailability' refer to?
The fraction of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation
What is the term for the size of a compartment in which the total amount of a drug would need to be dissolved in order to produce the same concentration as in the plasma?
Volume of distribution
Which of the following drugs is typically monitored using TDM due to its narrow therapeutic index?
All of the above
What is the primary purpose of TDM?
To monitor the levels of a drug in the blood to ensure they are within the therapeutic range
What is the significance of a drug having a bioavailability of 0.87?
Only 87% of the drug reaches the systemic circulation
Study Notes
When you need TDM? When initiating new TDM drugs When toxicity or treatment failure are suspected When non-compliance is suspected When changing from one dosage form to another (changes in bioavailability) When there are changes in renal/ liver functions (according to the relevant drugs)
Identify when to initiate Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) to ensure safe and effective treatment. This quiz covers scenarios that require TDM, including changes in dosage forms, patient compliance, and organ function.
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