Therapeutic Diets Overview

Therapeutic Diets

• High Calories: Increases caloric intake (500-1000 kcal) for weight gain, fever, infection (increased metabolic rate), hyperthyroidism, surgery, trauma, burns, pregnancy, lactation, infancy, and childhood.

• Low Calories: Decreases caloric intake (500-1000 kcal) for weight loss, and hypothyroidism (decreased metabolic rate).

• High Carbohydrates: Increases carbohydrate intake for increased energy needs

• Low Carbohydrates: Decreases carbohydrate intake for conditions like COPD and type 2 diabetes (consistent CHO).

• High Protein: Increases protein intake (1.2-2g/kgbw/day) for growth, pregnancy, lactation, malnutrition, burns, surgery, fractures, fever, and infections.

• Low Protein: Decreases protein intake (0.6-0.8g/kgbw/day) for conditions such as renal disease and cirrhosis with impending coma.

• High Fat: Increases fat intake for conditions like epilepsy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and dumping syndrome. Avoid saturated and trans fats (use MCT).

• Low Fat: Decreases fat intake for cardiovascular disease, less than 30% fat, allowing 40-50 grams of fat daily.

Modified Diets (Non-Nutrient Content)

• Gluten-Free Diet: Removes gluten (from wheat, barley, rye, oats) for celiac disease, gluten enteropathy.

• Lactose-Free Diet: Limits lactose (in milk) for lactose intolerance, Crohn's disease, celiac disease, and ulcerative colitis.

• Oxalate-Controlled Diet: Excludes high-oxalate foods (cocoa, tea, wheat germ, strawberries, nuts, spinach, beets, baked beans, peanut butter, tofu) for patients with oxalate stones (provides 50mg oxalate/day).

• Low Purine Diet: Reduces purine intake (100-150 mg/day) for gout. Avoids meats, liver, kidneys, sweetbreads, anchovies, and mushrooms.

Other Information

• Other Diets: Includes general liquid diets (excluding milk and carbonated drinks), tube feeding, BRAT diet (for diarrhea), low cholesterol diets (200-300mg/day), neutropenic/low bacterial diets, and hypoallergenic diets.