40 Questions
Who coined the theory of multiple intelligences?
Howard Gardner
What is the number of aspects of intelligence according to the theory?
8
What is the main idea behind the theory of multiple intelligences?
Intelligence is composed of multiple separate entities
What is the ability to acquire knowledge and think abstractly?
Analytical ability
What is the ability to use information to solve problems?
Analytical ability
What is the ability to think and reason abstractly?
Logical-mathematical ability
What is the ability to process and analyze information?
Analytical ability
What is the ability to use knowledge to solve problems?
Problem-solving ability
What is the primary function of verbal-linguistic understanding in learning?
To create new concepts and experiences
What is the outcome of developing logical-mathematical ability?
Sharpened problem-solving skills
What is the role of spatial ability in learning?
To develop mathematical numerical patterns
What is the result of automaticity in learning?
Increased ability to solve problems
How does verbal-linguistic understanding contribute to problem-solving?
By creating new experiences and concepts
What is the relationship between logical-mathematical ability and problem-solving?
It provides insight to solve problems
What is the outcome of developing verbal-linguistic understanding?
Increased ability to create new experiences and concepts
What is the role of experience in learning?
To create new concepts and experiences
What is the naturalist's ability to understand?
The natural world
What is general intelligence or 'g' responsible for?
Performing any cognitive task
What is the interpersonal ability of a therapist?
Understanding other people's feelings
What is the intrapersonal ability of an individual?
Understanding their own feelings
What determines cognitive performance?
Both general intelligence or 'g' and specific abilities
What is a flaw in general intelligence or 'g'?
Variability in specific abilities
What are short-term memories related to?
Storing and retrieving information
What is the botanist's ability to understand?
Systems and processes in the natural world
What is the type of response that occurs after being exposed to a neutral stimulus, such as salivating after hearing a tuning fork?
Conditioned response
What is the primary goal of positive reinforcement in learning behavior?
To strengthen good behavior through desired rewards
Which theory suggests that behavior can be learned through the consequences of actions?
Operant conditioning theory
What happens to a behavior when it is negatively reinforced?
It becomes stronger because of the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
What is the outcome of presenting a stimulus immediately after a desired behavior, such as giving a sticker for cleaning a desk?
The behavior is strengthened
What type of reinforcement involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase the frequency of a behavior?
Negative reinforcement
What is the primary difference between positive and negative reinforcement?
The type of stimulus being presented or removed
What is the ultimate goal of reinforcement in learning behavior?
To increase the frequency of desired behavior
What is the key factor in effective punishment, according to the text?
It must be immediate and consistent
Who is credited with coining the theory of observational learning?
Bandura
What is the term used to describe the process of observing behavior and its consequences?
Observational learning
What is the first principle of observational learning, according to Bandura?
Attention
What is the primary way in which we develop emotional, cognitive, and social abilities, according to Bandura?
Through watching others
What is the term used to describe the process of remembering behavior through memory tactics?
Retention
What is the purpose of punishment, according to the text?
To relate to the child's action
What is the term used to describe the process of repeating behavior, according to Bandura?
Reproduction
Study Notes
Intelligence Theories
- Robert Sternberg coined the theory of Multiple Intelligences, which proposes that there are eight separate types of intelligence.
- The eight types of intelligence are:
- Verbal-Linguistic: ability to verbalize and process verbal information
- Logical-Mathematical: ability to reason abstractly and think logically
- Spatial: ability to recognize and manipulate objects in space
- Naturalist: ability to recognize and understand living things
- Interpersonal: ability to understand other people's intentions and behaviors
- Intrapersonal: ability to understand one's own thoughts and feelings
- Analytical: ability to evaluate and analyze information
Intelligence and Cognitive Abilities
- General Intelligence (g) refers to the general ability to perform cognitive tasks
- Specific abilities are applied to specific tasks and skills
- Cognitive performance is determined by the interaction of specific abilities and general intelligence
Learning Theories
- Positive Reinforcement: behavior is strengthened by a desirable consequence
- Negative Reinforcement: behavior is strengthened by the removal of an undesirable consequence
- Punishment: behavior is weakened by an undesirable consequence
- Observational Learning: learning through observing others and imitating their behavior
Bandura's Theory
- Albert Bandura disagreed with Pavlov's behaviorism and proposed that behavior is learned through observation and imitation
- Triadic Reciprocal Causation Model: behavior is influenced by personal factors, environmental factors, and behavior itself
- Self-Efficacy: believing in one's ability to perform a task
- Observational Learning has four principles:
- Attention: paying attention to the behavior and its consequences
- Retention: remembering the behavior through memory tactics
- Reproduction: repeating the behavior
- Motivation: having a reason to perform the behavior
This quiz covers the theory of intelligence coined by Robert Sternberg and explores the three types of filial intelligence. Test your knowledge on this important concept in psychology!
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