Block 1

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What is the primary function of DNA variations in relation to behavior?

DNA variations code for behavior directly

DNA variations have no effect on behavior

DNA variations create differences in physiological systems that can affect behavior (correct)

DNA variations are not related to behavior

What is the definition of a codon?

The synthesis of an RNA molecule from DNA in the cell nucleus

The assembly of amino acids into peptide chains on the basis of information encoded in messenger RNA

A sequence of three bases that codes for a particular amino acid or the end of a transcribed sequence (correct)

A pair of chromosomes

Where does translation occur?

On ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm (correct)

In the cell membrane

In the cell nucleus

In the chromosomes

What did Mendel assume about the inheritance of genes?

Mendel assumed that all genes are inherited independently Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of genes being close together on chromosomes?

It violates Mendel's second law of independent assortment Signup and view all the answers

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

46 pairs Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the sex chromosomes and the other chromosomes?

The sex chromosomes are X and Y, while the other chromosomes are autosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of meiosis?

Meiosis occurs in the sex cells producing eggs and sperm with one member of each chromosome pair Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of crossover (recombination) during meiosis?

Crossover creates genetic variability Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Mitosis produces diploid cells, while meiosis produces haploid cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between DNA and RNA?

The sugar molecule they contain Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutation could lead to a silent mutation?

Substitution of one nucleotide with another Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of non-coding RNA molecules?

Regulating gene expression Signup and view all the answers

Which type of RNA is involved in carrying amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

Transfer RNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that removes introns and joins exons in RNA processing called?

Splicing Signup and view all the answers

What does alternative splicing refer to in molecular biology?

The process of creating multiple mRNA transcripts from one gene Signup and view all the answers

Which type of molecule contains chemical marks that regulate gene expression?

Epigenome Signup and view all the answers

What would be the most likely consequence if there were no introns in the DNA sequence?

Lower genetic variability Signup and view all the answers

Why are DNA molecules considered more stable compared to RNA molecules?

Double-stranded structure of DNA Signup and view all the answers