Theory of Architecture: Design and Planning Part 1

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Questions and Answers

Recommended maximum distance of commercial center to residential zones as per HLURB planning standards?

1000 meters

1200 meters (correct)

900 meters

800 meters

What type of street has high velocity and higher volume of traffic flow?

Corner street

Collector street

Arterial street (correct)

Main street

What would result in overload storm water when an urban area experiences severe storms?

Surface water flooding (correct)

Erosion

Clogged sewer lines

Landslide

A street pattern used in highly mountainous sites following the contours of the topography is?

Meandering Signup and view all the answers

What mandates the protection of selected areas locally constituted and chaired by the DENR?

NIPAS Signup and view all the answers

What promotes the creation of diverse, walkable, compact communities with mixed-use components?

New Urbanism Signup and view all the answers

What type of map shows the spatial allocation of built-up areas categorized as residential, commercial, institutional, etc.?

Urban land use map Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum distance a consumer is willing to travel for a good service?

Market range Signup and view all the answers

What are the major and minor routes of circulation that people use to move about?

Pathways Signup and view all the answers

What allows for a city's economy to specialize more with increased population?

More specialization Signup and view all the answers

What is the best arrangement of trees that can block direct sunlight?

Tightly spaced side by side Signup and view all the answers

Which 'green' practice is outright sustainable and directly beneficial to the environment?

Use of indoor artificial plants Signup and view all the answers

What would generate more airflow indoors?

Large windows on opposite sides Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following design treatments will contribute heat gain to the building’s environment?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Most windows installed are fixed and minimal openings are provided for safety purposes, what does this sacrifice?

Ventilation Signup and view all the answers

What is a good window-floor area ratio to achieve minimum yet effective day-lighting of 10 fc for a room?

1:8 Signup and view all the answers

Where is the best orientation of bedrooms?

North Signup and view all the answers

In design planning, what side should the coffee shop and restaurant be placed?

East Signup and view all the answers

What tree gives good shade but must be avoided when planted near the site that could potentially damage concrete floors and footings?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

To block excessive sunlight, what 'new material' is used for the windows?

Solar Tint Signup and view all the answers

Characterized or produced by removal of a part or portion without destroying a sense of the whole.

Subtractive Signup and view all the answers

What is the manner of arranging and coordinating the parts of a composition to produce a coherent image?

Organization Signup and view all the answers

The characteristic structure given to a surface or substance by the size, shape, arrangement, and proportions of the parts is called?

Texture Signup and view all the answers

What do you call the arranging of parts or elements into proper proportion or relation to form a unified whole?

Composition Signup and view all the answers

What do you call the systematic arranging of interdependent or coordinated parts into a coherent unity or functioning whole?

Organization Signup and view all the answers

Best location for trees, considering a flat terrain?

North Signup and view all the answers

What is the least reason why the interior is hot and warm in a tropical climate?

Landscape pavers are spaced too far apart Signup and view all the answers

What do we call that space that is within three feet radius of an individual and is used considered in furniture design?

Personal space Signup and view all the answers

Best way to lessen noise created by traffic?

3ft. Wood Fence Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalent sun-path?

NE to NW and SE to SW Signup and view all the answers

What is the 5th of sensory experience in design?

Touch Signup and view all the answers

What color represents hunger and energy?

Red Signup and view all the answers

What color has long wavelength?

Red Signup and view all the answers

What color reflects more light?

White Signup and view all the answers

What is the most reflective color?

White Signup and view all the answers

A combination of three colors forming an equilateral triangle on a color wheel.

Triad Signup and view all the answers

A combination of two analogous colors and their complementary colors on a color wheel.

Double complementary Signup and view all the answers

Complementary colors are any two colors which are directly opposite each other, such as red and green and purple-red and yellow-green.

Complementary Signup and view all the answers

Any three colors which are side by side on a 12 part color wheel, such as yellow-green, yellow and yellow-orange.

Analogous Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the 4 colors predominates?

Yellow Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Theory of Architecture, Tropical Design, and Planning

Human Scale and Proportion

Human scale refers to the size or proportion of a building element or space, or an article of furniture, relative to the structural or functional dimensions of the human body.
Anthropometric design considers the size and proportions of the human body in the design of spaces and objects.

Color Theory

The 5D of sensory experience in design includes taste, sounds, touch, smell, and sight.
Orange represents hunger and energy.
Red has a long wavelength.
White reflects the most light.
The most reflective color is white.
A triad is a combination of three colors forming an equilateral triangle on a color wheel.
Double complementary colors are two adjacent colors and their opposite in the color wheel.
Analogous colors are three colors side by side on a color wheel.

Spatial Organizations and Forms

Massing refers to the process of adjusting the size and proportions of a building or object to achieve a desired aesthetic or functional effect.
A line is a continuous mark made on a surface by a moving point.
A plane is a flat surface with no thickness or depth.
A volume is a three-dimensional form with length, width, and height.
A point is a location in space with no size or dimension.

Climate and Comfort

A hot-dry climate is characterized by a lack of heat or excessive heat dissipation for most parts of the year.
The urban heat island effect occurs when the urban temperature is hotter than the rural temperature.
In hot-dry climates, smaller openings are recommended to prevent heat entry.
Wind direction is important in hot-dry climates to improve natural ventilation.

Materials and Sustainability

Embodied energy refers to the energy consumed by a material from extraction and processing to transportation and installation.
Plywood has high embodied energy.
In terms of material production and transportation, Baguio stone has a low carbon footprint.

Lighting and Ventilation

Natural light and ventilation should be prioritized in the design of buildings.
Passive daylighting can minimize power consumption.
Cross-ventilation can minimize the need for mechanical ventilation.

Urban Planning and Design

Legibility refers to the ease with which people can navigate a space.
The shape of urban cities can be influenced by two corridors of intense development crossing the center.
Incentive zoning allows builders and developers more space if they provide desirable features.
The largest and simplest function of a city is economic.

Comprehensive Development Plan

A comprehensive development plan includes a physical setting of the community or region.
Urban renewal aims to consciously renew the outworn areas of towns and cities.

New Urbanism

New urbanism promotes mixed-use development, pedestrian-friendly streets, and a human scale.
The Congress for New Urbanism educates citizens worldwide about the benefits of new urbanism.
Neighborhoods should have a discernible center within a five-minute walk of all dwellings.
The minimum width of sidewalks should be approximately 2.50 meters.### Architecture and Design
The movement of air inside a room is crucial for comfort and ventilation.
Dampness outside the building can be prevented by using materials with low carbon footprint.
The total area of a common king-size bed is 3.42 sq m.
The total area of a common single-size bed in a first-class hotel near the beach is 1.90 sq m.
Limestone is the most absorptive material to heat.

Tropical Design

The north side of a house receives the most shade and is the best orientation for bedrooms.
The east side of a house receives morning sunlight and is suitable for living areas.
The west side of a house receives direct sunlight and is not recommended for bedrooms.
The south side of a house receives indirect sunlight and is suitable for living areas.
Cross-ventilation is the best way to generate air movement inside a building.
A solar collector is a device that uses solar radiation to heat a transporting medium.

Green Practices

Rainwater collection is a green practice that conserves water and reduces the burden on the sewage system.
Re-using construction materials reduces waste and conserves natural resources.
Segregating waste helps in proper disposal and recycling.
Indoor ornamental plants help purify the air and improve indoor air quality.

Building Design

The minimum ceiling height required in the Philippines for a space with natural ventilation is 2.70 meters.
The window-floor area ratio for effective day-lighting is 1:5.
Reflective glass and solar tint can be used to minimize heat gain.
Acoustic boards and a central backdrop wall can be used to reduce echo and improve sound quality.
Trees can be used to block direct sunlight and reduce heat gain.

Lighting

LED lights are energy-efficient and can be used to minimize power consumption.
Passive day-lighting can be used to reduce the need for artificial lighting.
The best lighting fixture for general lighting in a narrow corridor is LED lights.

Material Selection

Locally crafted stone veneers have a low carbon footprint.
Baked clay tiles have a low carbon footprint.
Natural stone pavers have a low carbon footprint.
High-pressure laminate flooring has a low carbon footprint.

Ventilation and Insulation

Cross-ventilation is the best way to generate air movement inside a building.
Insulation can be used to reduce heat gain and minimize the need for air conditioning.
Conduction, convection, and radiation are the three methods of heat transfer.

Wind and Climate

Wind direction and speed can be used to design buildings that are comfortable and energy-efficient.
The wind shadow can be used to create a wind-free zone around the building.
The Amihan wind comes from the northeast and the Habagat wind comes from the southwest.
Trees can be used to block wind and reduce wind speed.

Human Settlements

Human settlements are affected by the natural environment, social and cultural factors, and economic conditions.
The theory of architecture that denotes not only the complete harmony of the parts of the building with the whole, but also the integration of the building with its site and surroundings is called Organic Architecture.
The concept of balance in architecture refers to the relationship between the different elements of a building.
The flow of heat through a material by transfer from warmer to cooler molecules in contact with each other is called conduction.

Housing and Urban Planning

The National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) is a law that mandates the protection of selected areas.
The Urban Land Use Map shows the spatial allocation of built-up areas categorized as residential, commercial, institutional, parks, and open spaces.
The market range is the maximum distance a consumer is willing to travel to avail of a good service.
The Hierarchy of Services refers to the arrangement of services in a city or town, with the most important services at the center.

Environmental Protection

The highest-level policy statements on environmental protection can be found in the Constitution.
The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a tool used to evaluate the environmental impacts of development projects.
The Forestry Code is a law that regulates the use of forests and forest products.
The Local Government Code (LGC) is a law that devolves power and authority to local government units.

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Description

Test your knowledge of design principles, color theory, and sensory experiences in architecture. This quiz covers the basics of tropical design and planning.