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Questions and Answers
What were the prominent roles of motivation in American psychology during the 1930s-40s?
What were the prominent roles of motivation in American psychology during the 1930s-40s?
Drive-based learning theories.
What led to the decline of motivation in American psychology during the 1950s-60s?
What led to the decline of motivation in American psychology during the 1950s-60s?
Issues with drive-based conceptualizations and growing interest in information processing.
According to Tolman & Lewin, what are the emphasized factors in cognitive formulations of motivation?
According to Tolman & Lewin, what are the emphasized factors in cognitive formulations of motivation?
Personal goals, expectations, and emotions.
What are the major constructs of motivation in organizational settings?
What are the major constructs of motivation in organizational settings?
What are the three paradigms of motivational theories?
What are the three paradigms of motivational theories?
What are the most common directional measures of motivation?
What are the most common directional measures of motivation?
What are the three key factors in Need-Motive-Value Theories?
What are the three key factors in Need-Motive-Value Theories?
What is the distinction between motivation and performance?
What is the distinction between motivation and performance?
How does perceived unfairness impact attitudes towards supervision?
How does perceived unfairness impact attitudes towards supervision?
What are the potential effects of participative decision making (PDM) on job satisfaction and task performance?
What are the potential effects of participative decision making (PDM) on job satisfaction and task performance?
According to cognitive explanations, how does PDM facilitate task performance?
According to cognitive explanations, how does PDM facilitate task performance?
What are the limitations of expectancy x value (E x V) theories in decision-making?
What are the limitations of expectancy x value (E x V) theories in decision-making?
What is the main focus of achievement orientation research?
What is the main focus of achievement orientation research?
What are the implications of achievement orientation research?
What are the implications of achievement orientation research?
What is Adams' Equity Theory?
What is Adams' Equity Theory?
What are the key concepts in organizational justice?
What are the key concepts in organizational justice?
What are the three factors in Vroom's VIE theory?
What are the three factors in Vroom's VIE theory?
What is the multiplicative relation between expectancies and instrumentalities?
What is the multiplicative relation between expectancies and instrumentalities?
What are the key personal differences in the classic cognitive-interactional approach?
What are the key personal differences in the classic cognitive-interactional approach?
What are the main issues identified in the research on Vroom's VIE theory?
What are the main issues identified in the research on Vroom's VIE theory?
Explain the difference between distal and proximal systems in relation to variables and their effects on motivation.
Explain the difference between distal and proximal systems in relation to variables and their effects on motivation.
How does self-confidence affect motivation in distal and proximal theories?
How does self-confidence affect motivation in distal and proximal theories?
What role do individual differences in needs, motives, and values play in motivation?
What role do individual differences in needs, motives, and values play in motivation?
What is the difference between Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Alderfer's theory in relation to the progression of needs?
What is the difference between Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Alderfer's theory in relation to the progression of needs?
What are the three components of Vroom's expectancy theory?
What are the three components of Vroom's expectancy theory?
Which format is considered the most reliable for measuring expectancy?
Which format is considered the most reliable for measuring expectancy?
Which format is considered the best for measuring instrumentality?
Which format is considered the best for measuring instrumentality?
Which format is considered the most reliable for measuring valence?
Which format is considered the most reliable for measuring valence?
What is Raynor's theory of future orientation?
What is Raynor's theory of future orientation?
What is Weiner's Attribution Theory?
What is Weiner's Attribution Theory?
What are the three paradigms of motivational theories?
What are the three paradigms of motivational theories?
What is the distinction between motivation and performance?
What is the distinction between motivation and performance?
What are the most common directional measures of motivation?
What are the most common directional measures of motivation?
What are the three key factors in Need-Motive-Value Theories?
What are the three key factors in Need-Motive-Value Theories?
What are the cognitive formulations of motivation according to Tolman & Lewin?
What are the cognitive formulations of motivation according to Tolman & Lewin?
What are the major constructs of motivation in organizational settings?
What are the major constructs of motivation in organizational settings?
What are the current focuses in the field of motivation?
What are the current focuses in the field of motivation?
What led to the decline of motivation in American psychology during the 1950s-60s?
What led to the decline of motivation in American psychology during the 1950s-60s?
What are the implications of Adams' Equity Theory?
What are the implications of Adams' Equity Theory?
What is the distinction between distributive and procedural fairness?
What is the distinction between distributive and procedural fairness?
How does procedural fairness impact employees' perceptions?
How does procedural fairness impact employees' perceptions?
What are the effects of perceptions of fairness on behavior?
What are the effects of perceptions of fairness on behavior?
What is the difference between Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Alderfer's theory in relation to the progression of needs?
What is the difference between Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Alderfer's theory in relation to the progression of needs?
What is the main focus of intrinsic motivation theories?
What is the main focus of intrinsic motivation theories?
What does Cognitive Evaluation Theory suggest about intrinsic motivation?
What does Cognitive Evaluation Theory suggest about intrinsic motivation?
What role does intrinsic motivation play in skill acquisition, expert performance, and achievement contexts?
What role does intrinsic motivation play in skill acquisition, expert performance, and achievement contexts?
What are the potential effects of participative decision making (PDM) on task performance?
What are the potential effects of participative decision making (PDM) on task performance?
What are the cognitive explanations for how PDM facilitates task performance?
What are the cognitive explanations for how PDM facilitates task performance?
What are the motivational explanations for how PDM enhances performance?
What are the motivational explanations for how PDM enhances performance?
What are the limitations of expectancy x value (E x V) theories in decision-making?
What are the limitations of expectancy x value (E x V) theories in decision-making?
What are the different formats that were tested for measuring expectancy in Vroom's expectancy theory?
What are the different formats that were tested for measuring expectancy in Vroom's expectancy theory?
What are the best formats for measuring instrumentality in Vroom's expectancy theory?
What are the best formats for measuring instrumentality in Vroom's expectancy theory?
What are the most reliable formats for measuring valence in Vroom's expectancy theory according to the authors?
What are the most reliable formats for measuring valence in Vroom's expectancy theory according to the authors?
What is Raynor's theory of future orientation?
What is Raynor's theory of future orientation?
What are the four causal categories in Weiner's Attribution Theory?
What are the four causal categories in Weiner's Attribution Theory?
What are the two dimensions in Weiner's Attribution Theory?
What are the two dimensions in Weiner's Attribution Theory?
What are the key factors in Vroom's VIE theory?
What are the key factors in Vroom's VIE theory?
What is the multiplicative relation between expectancies and instrumentalities in Vroom's VIE theory?
What is the multiplicative relation between expectancies and instrumentalities in Vroom's VIE theory?
What are the three factors that Vroom's VIE theory predicts choices based on?
What are the three factors that Vroom's VIE theory predicts choices based on?
What are the main issues identified in the research on Vroom's VIE theory?
What are the main issues identified in the research on Vroom's VIE theory?
Motivational Consequences: The ______ Variable
Motivational Consequences: The ______ Variable
Directional measures - most often used: ______
Directional measures - most often used: ______
Intensity measures: task ______, ______
Intensity measures: task ______, ______
Improvements in job performance are more likely due to changes in the ______ given to a task rather than a constant increase in ______
Improvements in job performance are more likely due to changes in the ______ given to a task rather than a constant increase in ______
Perceived inequity can lead to tension and cognitive/behavioral ______
Perceived inequity can lead to tension and cognitive/behavioral ______
Evaluation frequency & opportunity to express opinions impact employees' ______
Evaluation frequency & opportunity to express opinions impact employees' ______
Diversity and flexibility of goals that individuals hold for task engagement is an important area for future ______
Diversity and flexibility of goals that individuals hold for task engagement is an important area for future ______
Procedural fairness in organizational settings enhances perceptions of ______
Procedural fairness in organizational settings enhances perceptions of ______
Motivation in American psychology declined during the 1950s-60s due to issues with ______
Motivation in American psychology declined during the 1950s-60s due to issues with ______
Recent decades have seen a focus on ______
Recent decades have seen a focus on ______
The motivation field is ______
The motivation field is ______
The major constructs of motivation in organizational settings include ______
The major constructs of motivation in organizational settings include ______
Vroom's VIE Theory predicts choices between jobs, tasks, and effort levels based on perceived benefits. The three factors in this theory are: Valence - desirability of the outcome, Instrumentality - the belief that performance will lead to reward, and Expectancy - the belief that effort will lead to performance.
Vroom's VIE Theory predicts choices between jobs, tasks, and effort levels based on perceived benefits. The three factors in this theory are: Valence - desirability of the outcome, Instrumentality - the belief that performance will lead to reward, and Expectancy - the belief that effort will lead to performance.
The Classic cognitive-interactional approach guides the selection of tasks and how long individuals stick with them. This approach is influenced by ______, success expectations, and the perceived value of success. The drive to succeed and fear of failure are key ______.
The Classic cognitive-interactional approach guides the selection of tasks and how long individuals stick with them. This approach is influenced by ______, success expectations, and the perceived value of success. The drive to succeed and fear of failure are key ______.
The ______, conceptualized by Atkinson's Motivation Theory in 1957, is limited to contexts where self-evaluation results were most significant. Heckhausen and Vroom addressed this limitation in their models. Vroom's model focuses on the conceptualization of instrumentality independently of task success expectations.
The ______, conceptualized by Atkinson's Motivation Theory in 1957, is limited to contexts where self-evaluation results were most significant. Heckhausen and Vroom addressed this limitation in their models. Vroom's model focuses on the conceptualization of instrumentality independently of task success expectations.
Within-versus between-subject research designs, measurement of model components, information integration strategies, and individual differences are the ______ on Vroom's VIE theory.
Within-versus between-subject research designs, measurement of model components, information integration strategies, and individual differences are the ______ on Vroom's VIE theory.
According to Vroom's expectancy theory, the frequency format is considered the ______ reliable for measuring expectancy.
According to Vroom's expectancy theory, the frequency format is considered the ______ reliable for measuring expectancy.
The ______ format is considered the best for measuring instrumentality in Vroom's expectancy theory.
The ______ format is considered the best for measuring instrumentality in Vroom's expectancy theory.
According to Raynor's theory of future orientation, success-oriented individuals prefer ______ tasks in contingent paths.
According to Raynor's theory of future orientation, success-oriented individuals prefer ______ tasks in contingent paths.
According to Weiner's Attribution Theory, people explain their behavior using four causal categories: effort, ability, task difficulty, and ______.
According to Weiner's Attribution Theory, people explain their behavior using four causal categories: effort, ability, task difficulty, and ______.
According to Atkinson and Birch's Theory, behavior at any particular moment reflects the ______ motivational tendency at that time.
According to Atkinson and Birch's Theory, behavior at any particular moment reflects the ______ motivational tendency at that time.
Blankenship found that the success value is greater for ______ tasks than for difficult tasks.
Blankenship found that the success value is greater for ______ tasks than for difficult tasks.
Perceptions of unfairness can impact motivation and behavior. Procedural unfairness impacts attitudes towards supervision. Distributive fairness has less influence on supervision attitudes. Participative decision making (PDM) enhances job satisfaction, but effects on task performance are ______
Perceptions of unfairness can impact motivation and behavior. Procedural unfairness impacts attitudes towards supervision. Distributive fairness has less influence on supervision attitudes. Participative decision making (PDM) enhances job satisfaction, but effects on task performance are ______
Cognitive explanations suggest PDM can enhance task performance. Difficult to disentangle cognitive and motivational effects of PDM on ______
Cognitive explanations suggest PDM can enhance task performance. Difficult to disentangle cognitive and motivational effects of PDM on ______
PDM procedures that are perceived as fair can lead to higher levels of satisfaction even when the outcome is not ______
PDM procedures that are perceived as fair can lead to higher levels of satisfaction even when the outcome is not ______
Understanding how PDM procedures influence performance requires attention to ______ processes.
Understanding how PDM procedures influence performance requires attention to ______ processes.
Variables can have different effects in ______ and proximal systems
Variables can have different effects in ______ and proximal systems
High self-confidence may enhance motivation in ______ theories but negatively impact motivation in proximal theories
High self-confidence may enhance motivation in ______ theories but negatively impact motivation in proximal theories
Achievement Motive Theories view success motive as a ______ construct, but newer research investigates different types of goal-directed achievement motives
Achievement Motive Theories view success motive as a ______ construct, but newer research investigates different types of goal-directed achievement motives
Job Characteristics Theory focuses on identifying job characteristics and how they influence emotional reactions and task satisfaction and ______
Job Characteristics Theory focuses on identifying job characteristics and how they influence emotional reactions and task satisfaction and ______
Study Notes
Relationship between Theories of Motivation
- Variables can have different effects in distal and proximal systems
- High self-confidence may enhance motivation in distal theories but negatively impact motivation in proximal theories
- Motivational consequences of individual differences in needs, motives, and values
- Traditional theories view success motive as a single construct
- Newer research investigates different types of goal-directed achievement motives
- Growth motives mediate task satisfaction and performance in Job Characteristics Theory
- Maslow's hierarchy of needs suggests that needs progress sequentially, while Alderfer's theory proposes that needs operate simultaneously
- Predictive power for work behavior and performance is limited in need fulfillment theories
- Intrinsic motivation theories focus on the multidimensional nature of intrinsic motivation
- Cognitive Evaluation Theory suggests that intrinsic motivation is influenced by how individuals interpret events
- Job Characteristics Theory looks at how job characteristics impact critical psychological states
- The relationship between CET and JCT is complementary rather than competing
- Intrinsic motivation plays a role in skill acquisition, expert performance, and achievement contexts
Relationship between Theories of Motivation
- Variables can have different effects in distal and proximal systems
- High self-confidence may enhance motivation in distal theories but negatively impact motivation in proximal theories
- Motivational consequences of individual differences in needs, motives, and values
- Traditional theories view success motive as a single construct
- Newer research investigates different types of goal-directed achievement motives
- Growth motives mediate task satisfaction and performance in Job Characteristics Theory
- Maslow's hierarchy of needs suggests that needs progress sequentially, while Alderfer's theory proposes that needs operate simultaneously
- Predictive power for work behavior and performance is limited in need fulfillment theories
- Intrinsic motivation theories focus on the multidimensional nature of intrinsic motivation
- Cognitive Evaluation Theory suggests that intrinsic motivation is influenced by how individuals interpret events
- Job Characteristics Theory looks at how job characteristics impact critical psychological states
- The relationship between CET and JCT is complementary rather than competing
- Intrinsic motivation plays a role in skill acquisition, expert performance, and achievement contexts
Relationship between Motivational Theories and their Applications
- Variables can have different effects in distal and proximal systems
- High self-confidence may enhance motivation in distal theories but negatively impact motivation in proximal theories
- Achievement Motive Theories view success motive as a single construct, but newer research investigates different types of goal-directed achievement motives
- Job Characteristics Theory focuses on identifying job characteristics and how they influence emotional reactions and task satisfaction and performance
- Maslow and Alderfer's need fulfillment theories propose different hierarchies of needs, but their predictive power for work behavior and performance is limited
- Intrinsic motivation theories highlight the multidimensional nature of intrinsic motivation and the influence of environmental events on perceived mastery, control, task interest, and behavior
- Cognitive Evaluation Theory suggests that intrinsic motivation is influenced by how individuals interpret events, and the overjustification effect can decrease intrinsic motivation when external rewards are given for internally motivating tasks
- Job Characteristics Theory looks at how aggregate job characteristics impact critical psychological states, and there is a positive correlation between job characteristics and job satisfaction
- CET and JCT are complementary theories with implications for different types of tasks and job design
- There are three emerging research areas in intrinsic motivation: educational environments that foster intrinsic task interest and learning, characteristics associated with long-term intrinsic task interest and persistence among expert performers, and differences in motivational processes between intrinsic and extrinsic orientations
- Motivation plays a significant role in skill acquisition, with factors like mastery control, challenge, and curiosity contributing to effective learning
- Csikszentmihayli's work on flow and intrinsic motivation suggests that cognitive training could improve low levels of intrinsic work motivation, and personal goals shape motivated behavior, with different goals influencing behavior's direction and persistence
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Description
Test your knowledge on the relationship between different theories of motivation. Explore concepts such as variables' effects, self-confidence, individual differences, success motives, goal-directed achievement motives, growth motives, needs progression, predictive power, intrinsic motivation, cognitive evaluation, job characteristics, and more. Challenge yourself with this quiz and enhance your understanding of the complex interplay between theories of motivation.
