Theories of International Relations
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Questions and Answers

What is politics, according to Hans Morgenthau?

  • A struggle for social justice
  • A struggle for economic growth
  • A struggle for peace among nations
  • A struggle for power over men (correct)

    • What is the core assumption of human nature in the theory of power politics?

  • Rationality is the defining characteristic of human nature
  • Egoism is the defining characteristic of human nature (correct)
  • Altruism is the defining characteristic of human nature
  • Morality is the defining characteristic of human nature

    • What is the equation that summarizes the core theme of realist theory?

  • Egoism plus anarchy equals power politics (correct)
  • Altruism plus cooperation equals social welfare
  • Rationality plus morality equals justice
  • Egoism plus cooperation equals peace politics

    • What is a key theme within realist theory?

    <p>State egoism and conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of liberalism in international relations?

    <p>A natural equilibrium will tend to assert itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a similarity between realism and liberalism in international relations?

    <p>Both share certain mainstream assumptions about how international politics work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is international anarchy, according to the theory of power politics?

    <p>A context in which there is no authority higher than the sovereign state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a theme that is distinct from realism in international relations?

    <p>International cooperation and diplomacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which critical theory is concerned with exposing capitalism as a system of class oppression?

    <p>Marxism and neo-Marxism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core of Marxism philosophy?

    <p>A philosophy of history that outlines why capitalism is doomed and why socialism and eventually communism are destined to replace it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does history move forward according to Marxism and neo-Marxism?

    <p>Through a dialectical process in which internal contradictions within each ‘mode of production’ lead to social revolution and the construction of a new and higher mode of production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final stage of historical development according to Marxism and neo-Marxism?

    <p>Communist society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the different stages of historical development according to Marxism and neo-Marxism?

    <p>Slavery, feudalism, capitalism, and communism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of critical theory on International Relations?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Chanakya primarily concerned with?

    <p>The security of the state against external threats and internal harmony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher is known as the Father of Liberalism?

    <p>John Locke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is famous for his attacks on the established Catholic Church?

    <p>Voltaire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to John Locke, what are the three inalienable rights?

    <p>Right to Life, Liberty, and Property</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of critical theories on international relations?

    <p>Challenging mainstream perspectives on international politics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Immanuel Kant's political philosophy described as?

    <p>Liberal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the state, according to Immanuel Kant?

    <p>The means for freedom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did critical perspectives on international relations start to gain prominence?

    <p>Late 1980s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do critical theories of IR have in common?

    <p>They have a post-positivist approach that links subject and object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second similarity among critical theories of IR?

    <p>They all seek to challenge the global status quo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do critical theorists tend to view realism and liberalism as?

    <p>Ways of concealing or legitimizing power imbalances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of critical theories of IR?

    <p>To overthrow oppression and align with the interests of exploited groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do critical theorists seek to achieve by exposing inequalities and asymmetries?

    <p>To challenge the norms and values of the global system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of critical theories of IR?

    <p>The interests of exploited groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of wars and crimes according to Marxist and neo-Marxist theories?

    <p>They are fought for the control of the lower class and colonies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of later Marxists in the context of global capitalism?

    <p>The uneven development of global capitalism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept that replaced traditional imperialism in the post-1945 period?

    <p>Neo-colonialism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three components of the world-system theory?

    <p>Core, periphery, and semi-periphery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of dependency theory?

    <p>The extent of neo-colonialism in the post-1945 period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the core and the periphery in the world-system theory?

    <p>The core exploits the periphery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Theories of International Relations

    • Politics is a struggle for power over men, and power is the immediate goal of political action (Hans Morgenthau)
    • The theory of power politics is based on two core assumptions: people are essentially selfish and competitive, and the state-system operates in a context of international anarchy.

    Realism

    • The core theme of realist theory can be summed up as "egoism plus anarchy equals power politics"
    • Key themes within realism include:
      • State egoism and conflict
      • Statecraft and the national interest
      • International anarchy and its implications: polarity, stability, and the balance of power

    Liberalism

    • States may pursue self-interest, but a natural equilibrium will tend to assert itself
    • Competing interests complement one another, and conflict is never irreconcilable
    • Liberalism is not clearly distinct from realism, as both share mainstream assumptions about international politics

    Realist Thinkers

    • Chanakya, an Indian philosopher, focused on the security of the state against external threats and internal harmony

    Liberal Thinkers

    • Voltaire, a French philosopher, advocated for freedom of religion, freedom of expression, and separation of church and state
    • John Locke, an English philosopher, is considered the Father of Liberalism, propounding principles like recognition of rights, democracy, limited state, and toleration
    • Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher, believed that the state is not an impediment to freedom, but rather a means to achieve it

    Critical Theories on IR

    • Critical perspectives challenge mainstream perspectives on international politics and world affairs
    • They have two broad similarities: they embrace a post-positivist approach, and they seek to challenge the global status quo and the norms, values, and assumptions on which it is based
    • Critical theorists tend to view realism and liberalism as ways of concealing or legitimizing power imbalances in the established global system

    Critical Theories

    • Marxism and neo-Marxism: concerned with exposing capitalism as a system of class oppression that operates on national and international levels
    • Social constructivism, poststructuralism, feminism, green politics, and postcolonialism are other critical theories in IR
    • Marxism and neo-Marxism focus on the dialectical process of history, driven forward by internal contradictions within each mode of production
    • Neo-Marxism includes dependency theory, which highlights the extent to which traditional imperialism has given way to neo-colonialism

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    Description

    This quiz covers the theories of international relations, including the concept of power politics and its core assumptions, as discussed by Hans Morgenthau and Donnelly.

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