Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which theorist is associated with the North American Neo-Marxist approach?
Which theorist is associated with the North American Neo-Marxist approach?
- Andre Gunder Frank (correct)
- Immanuel Wallerstein
- Max Weber
- Walt Rostow
What does the dependency theory primarily emphasize regarding the relationship between developed and less developed countries?
What does the dependency theory primarily emphasize regarding the relationship between developed and less developed countries?
- Independent development of less developed countries
- The success of free trade for all nations
- Exploitation of peripheral nations by core nations (correct)
- Equal economic opportunities for all nations
What was one argument regarding Latin American underdevelopment according to Palma in 1978?
What was one argument regarding Latin American underdevelopment according to Palma in 1978?
- Growth depends solely on technological advancements.
- Lack of natural resources is the main cause.
- Political stability guarantees economic growth.
- Excessive reliance on foreign aid is detrimental. (correct)
Who developed the dependency theory alongside Hans Singer?
Who developed the dependency theory alongside Hans Singer?
What was a significant outcome of the Columbian Exchange for native Americans?
What was a significant outcome of the Columbian Exchange for native Americans?
Which statement aligns with the findings of Hans Singer regarding Latin American terms of trade?
Which statement aligns with the findings of Hans Singer regarding Latin American terms of trade?
What type of theory did Cardoso and Faletto contribute to in 1979?
What type of theory did Cardoso and Faletto contribute to in 1979?
Which scholar is known for the 'protestant work ethic' concept?
Which scholar is known for the 'protestant work ethic' concept?
Flashcards
Dependency Theory
Dependency Theory
A theory arguing that the economic development of less developed countries is hindered by exploitative relationships with more developed countries.
Modernization Theory
Modernization Theory
A theory proposing that less developed countries can become more developed by following the path of more developed countries.
Columbian Exchange
Columbian Exchange
The widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas and the Eastern Hemisphere after 1492.
Terms of Trade
Terms of Trade
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Peripheral Nations
Peripheral Nations
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Core Nations
Core Nations
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Latin American Underdevelopment
Latin American Underdevelopment
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Dependency
Dependency
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Study Notes
Theories of Global Stratification
- Modernization Theory: Focuses on internal factors hindering development. Biggest barriers include tradition and lack of technological change. Europe's Protestant Reformation fostered a progress-oriented culture, promoting financial success as a sign of personal value. Walt Rostow's four stages of modernization: traditional, take-off, drive to technological maturity, and high mass consumption.
Dependency Theory
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Core and Periphery: Dependency theory highlights the relationship between core (more industrialized) and peripheral (less developed) nations. Core nations exploit peripheral nations, hindering their development.
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Historical Context: The development of peripheral nations is stagnated due to the exploitative nature of core nations. Dependency theorists recognize diverse state types globally. Even after decolonization, developed and less developed countries maintain significant ties.
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Criticisms and Alternatives: Latin American scholars critique the North American neo-Marxist approach, which has been a primary concern. They are intrigued by their region's underdevelopment and have developed a structuralist approach. Dependency theory posits that liberal trade impoverishes less developed countries, not improving their economies.
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Key figures and concepts:
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Hans Singer and Raul Prebisch initially developed dependency theory.
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Andre Gunder Frank espoused the North American neo-Marxist approach.
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Cardoso and Faletto articulated the historical-structural variant of dependency theory, providing a methodology for analyzing concrete situations of dependency.
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Immanuel Wallerstein emphasized the capitalist world economy.
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Palma examined Latin American underdevelopment, highlighting excessive reliance on others.
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Sanchez (2014) notes the two main theories—North American neo-Marxist and Latin American structuralist.
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Toye (2003) suggested that liberal trade does not improve economies of less developed countries.
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Seers (1981) notes that most Latin American countries have adopted strategies to achieve autonomous development due to structuralist influence.
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Prebisch headed the UN's Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA).
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Ferraro (2008) explains the stagnation in development of peripheral nations.
Historical Events
- Columbian Exchange: Benefited Europe significantly, but had a much more detrimental outcome for Native Americans.
- Industrial Revolution: Replaced human labor with machines.
Biggest Barriers to Growth
- Tradition
- Lack of technological change
- Authoritarian and corrupt governments
- Incorrect economic policies
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Description
Explore the various theories of global stratification, including Modernization Theory and Dependency Theory. Understand how these theories explain the dynamics between developed and developing nations, as well as the historical context influencing their relationships. Dive into the criticisms and alternatives to these theories.
