Questions and Answers
What is emotion?
A conscious feeling of pleasantness or unpleasantness accompanied by biological activation and expressive behavior; has cognitive, physiological and behavioral components.
Who is Paul Ekman?
He found at least 6 basic facial expressions that are universally recognized by people in diverse cultures around the world.
What does the James-Lange Theory propose?
External stimuli activate our autonomic nervous systems, producing specific patterns of physiological changes for different emotions.
What is the Facial-Feedback Hypothesis?
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What does the Cannon-Bard Theory state?
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What is the Opponent-Process Theory?
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What are Cognitive Theories of Emotion?
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What does the Schachter-Singer Theory explain?
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What is Lazarus's Cognitive-Appraisal Theory?
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Study Notes
Emotion
- Defined as a conscious experience that includes feelings of pleasantness or unpleasantness.
- Comprises cognitive, physiological, and behavioral components.
- Accompanied by biological activation and expressive behavior.
Paul Ekman
- Identified at least six universal facial expressions recognized worldwide.
- Noted cultural differences in regulating emotional expressions.
James-Lange Theory
- Suggests that external stimuli trigger specific physiological responses.
- Emotional experience arises after physiological changes; e.g., encountering a growling dog leads to fear after physiological arousal.
- Indicates that altering behavior can change emotional feelings.
Facial-Feedback Hypothesis
- Proposes that facial expressions influence emotional experiences.
- Activities such as smiling can enhance positive moods, while frowning can induce negative moods.
Cannon-Bard Theory
- Asserts that the experience of emotion occurs simultaneously with physiological responses.
- The thalamus sends information simultaneously to the limbic system (emotion center) and frontal lobes (cognitive center).
- E.g., encountering a vicious dog causes simultaneous bodily arousal and fear recognition.
Opponent-Process Theory
- States that experiencing one emotion triggers an opposing emotion that diminishes the initial emotion.
- E.g., extreme fear and low elation when jumping out of a plane initially, but decreasing fear and increasing elation in subsequent jumps.
Cognitive Theories of Emotion
- Propose that emotional experiences are dependent on how individuals interpret various situations.
Schachter-Singer Theory
- Suggests emotions are inferred from physiological arousal and then labeled based on cognitive interpretation.
- E.g., feeling aroused in response to someone yelling may lead to labeling the emotion as anger.
Lazarus's Cognitive-Appraisal Theory
- Argues that emotional experiences hinge on personal interpretations of situations.
- Indicates that changing the interpretation of a situation can result in altered emotional responses.
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Description
Explore the essential theories of emotion with these flashcards. Each card provides a definition and context, helping you understand key concepts like emotion, Paul Ekman's facial expressions, and more. Perfect for students studying psychology or related fields.
