Theories of Emotion

Theories of Emotion

• The theory of emotion that individuals experience physiological arousal first, then identify the emotion is the James-Lange Theory.
• John experiencing a racing heart and sweaty palms before realizing he is afraid of the snake supports the James-Lange theory of emotion.
• The Cannon-Bard theory suggests that physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously.
• Sarah hearing a loud noise and feeling fear simultaneously aligns with the Cannon-Bard theory.
• The Two-Factor Theory emphasizes the importance of cognitive appraisal in determining emotions.
• Mark interprets physiological arousal during a job interview as excitement, reflecting the Two-Factor Theory.
• The Common Sense Theory suggests that emotional experience precedes physiological arousal.
• Lisa experiences fear and a racing heart simultaneously when encountering a bear which supports the Cannon-Bard theory.
• According to the James-Lange Theory, emotional experience follows physiological arousal.
• Alex interpreting physical reactions when watching a horror movie (racing heart, sweating palms) as fear aligns with the James-Lange theory of emotion.
• Criticism of the Common Sense Theory is due to underestimating the impact of social cues on emotional responses.
• Rachel witnessing a car accident and immediately feeling sadness challenges the Common Sense Theory.
• James-Lange Theory says that physiological arousal triggers emotional experience.
• Tom interprets his racing heart as excitement rather than anxiety when seeing his crush, and this experience aligns with the Two-Factor Theory.
• Cannon-Bard Theory dictates that physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously.
• Mary's happiness before knowing her gift aligns with the Common Sense Theory
• According to the Two-Factor Theory, emotions are influenced by cognitive appraisal and physiological arousal.
• Jack simultaneously experiencing fear and physiological arousal during the dangerous situation aligns with the Cannon-Bard Theory.
• The Two-Factor Theory is criticized for overemphasizing the role of cognitive appraisal.
• Emily feels fear and then physiological arousal, reflecting the Common Sense Theory.

Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Model

• Sarah's team needs skills, so she should adopt a Directing leadership style.
• Four leadership styles proposed within Situational Leadership include: directive, supportive, participative, and delegative.
• Effective leadership, according to Hersey and Blanchard, relies on the maturity level of followers and the task at hand.
• Mark's team is skilled, so he should adopt a Delegating leadership style.
• According to the Situational Leadership model The most effective leadership style depends on maturity level of followers and task requirements
• The Situational Leadership model emphasizes adapting the leadership style based on followers' readiness and task requirements.
• Tom's new employees require guidance, so he should use Directing style.
• Low task orientation and high relationship orientation is characterized by Supporting.
• High task orientation and low relationship orientation is characterized by Directing.
• Alex's team is highly motivated, so he should use the Delegating leadership style.
• Focus of situational leadership is to adjust leadership style according to the readiness level of followers and task requirements.
• Tom should adopt "Directing," for best leadership style
• Emily's team has varying levels of expertise, so she should use a Coaching leadership style.
• Lisa's team requires minimal supervision, and she should use a Delegating leadership style.
• Employees are skilled but lack motivation, so Rachel should adopt a Supporting leadership style.
• Jack's team varies in expertise, so he should use the Coaching style.
• Flexibility and adaptation in the leader based on the situation and follower readiness is important according to the Situational Leadership model
• Hersey and Blanchard suggest Mary adopts a Supporting style
• Effecting leadership requires adjusting leadership based to the developmental level of followers according to Situational Leadership.

Google's Project Aristotle

• Project Aristotle aimed to study the factors contributing to successful teamwork.
• The key finding of Google's Project Aristotle was psychological safety and effective communication.
• Tim's team demonstrated “psychological safety” because they are comfortable with safely sharing.
• According to Google's Project Aristotle, psychological safety within teams is crucial for promoting innovation and collaboration.
• Sarah's team’s idea exchange without the fear of judgment demonstrates psychological safety.
• Psychological safety focuses on a shared belief that the team is secure for interpersonal risk-taking.
• Tom’s lack of shared ideas and expression means that his team is lacking psychological safety.
• Project Aristotle suggests diversity is associated with high team performance overall.
• Emily's team comes from diverse backgrounds and possesses varied skill sets, so they demonstrate diversity of perspectives.
• Rachel lacking trust in her team is a lack of trust and psychological safety.
• Effective communication and collaboration is essential for fostering innovation.
• Project Aristotle suggest successful teams benefit from building trust and psychological safety within teams.
• Alex actively listening to each other and collaborating effectively on tasks demonstrates effective communication.
• Successful teamwork involves mutual respect among members
• Successful teams should prioritize team goals overall.
• According to Google's Project Aristotle, Jack's team lacks trust and psychological safety.
• Missing deadlines represents a lack of “dependability.”

Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Resolution Model

• Tim ignoring conflict employs the avoidance style.
• With the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Resolution Model you should understand different conflict resolution styles and selecting the most appropriate one for each situation.
• Sarah employing the “accommodation” style suggests that Sarah finds herself in a situation where maintaining relationships is important for reaching a resolution.
• Thomas-Kilmann's "collaboration" style involves finding a mutually beneficial solution that satisfies all parties.
• Tom using active listening, sharing perspectives, and working together reflects the collaboration style.
• The compromise style means seeking a middle ground solution through negotiation and trade-offs.
• Her prioritizing of her needs at all costs shows Rachel favors competition.
• It is suggested you factor in specific circumstances when finding a resolution style
• Alex should consider the intensity of emotions in making a final decision
• In the context of the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Resolution Model, accommodation means willing to suppress one's own needs.
• The use of prioritizing control and Jack's own needs when reaching an agreement suggests he embraces competition.
• If there are strong differing opinions then use collaboration

Ikigai & RIASEC

• Ikigai suggests true fulfillment from finding balance and satisfaction in daily life.
• Tim embodies the aspect of passion as it relates to Ikigai philosophy.
• The RIASEC theory of vocational choice is based on personality types and occupational preferences.
• Tom’s outdoor skills and solving skills mean he is realistic according to RIASEC
• The RIASEC model suggests that people who are aligned with types will thrive
• Sarah solving problems aligns with the investigative
• Individuals with similar RIASEC personalities will collaborate.
• Jack enjoying negotiation with people means he is enterprising
• With RIASEC model what brings you together means you are more likely to enjoy job satisfaction overall
• Lisa enjoys planning which means that she is conventional