Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of punishment involves adding an unpleasant event to decrease behavior?
Which type of punishment involves adding an unpleasant event to decrease behavior?
What is an example of a secondary or conditioned punisher?
What is an example of a secondary or conditioned punisher?
Which type of punishment involves the removal of a repetitive event/stimulus to decrease behavior?
Which type of punishment involves the removal of a repetitive event/stimulus to decrease behavior?
What is an example of a primary punisher?
What is an example of a primary punisher?
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Which type of punishment involves a cost to the response?
Which type of punishment involves a cost to the response?
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What is the main limitation of overusing time out as a form of punishment?
What is the main limitation of overusing time out as a form of punishment?
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According to the text, what is the difference between extinction and negative punishment?
According to the text, what is the difference between extinction and negative punishment?
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What is the main difference between active and passive avoidance?
What is the main difference between active and passive avoidance?
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What is the key characteristic of learned helplessness?
What is the key characteristic of learned helplessness?
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What is the role of the warning signal in avoidance learning?
What is the role of the warning signal in avoidance learning?
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What is the main difference between escape and avoidance in animal learning?
What is the main difference between escape and avoidance in animal learning?
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What is the main factor that drives avoidance behavior according to the Two Factor Theory?
What is the main factor that drives avoidance behavior according to the Two Factor Theory?
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What is the key difference between active avoidance in OCD and passive avoidance in phobias?
What is the key difference between active avoidance in OCD and passive avoidance in phobias?
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What is the role of reinforcement in avoidance learning?
What is the role of reinforcement in avoidance learning?
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What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic punishment?
What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic punishment?
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What is one of the problems associated with punishment?
What is one of the problems associated with punishment?
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How does Skinner's perspective on punishment relate to behavior weakening?
How does Skinner's perspective on punishment relate to behavior weakening?
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What is an example of a secondary or conditioned punisher in humans?
What is an example of a secondary or conditioned punisher in humans?
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What is one of the requirements for effective punishment according to the text?
What is one of the requirements for effective punishment according to the text?
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What is the difference between escape behavior and avoidance behavior?
What is the difference between escape behavior and avoidance behavior?
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How is the climate change crisis addressed according to the text?
How is the climate change crisis addressed according to the text?
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According to the text, which theory suggests that avoidance is negatively reinforced by the lower rate of adversity stimulation and does not require a conditioned stimulus for avoidance learning to occur?
According to the text, which theory suggests that avoidance is negatively reinforced by the lower rate of adversity stimulation and does not require a conditioned stimulus for avoidance learning to occur?
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Which theory of avoidance learning emphasizes that avoidance responding is based on the subject’s expectation that a response will avoid the aversive stimulus, and fear has little role in this theory?
Which theory of avoidance learning emphasizes that avoidance responding is based on the subject’s expectation that a response will avoid the aversive stimulus, and fear has little role in this theory?
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According to the text, which theory involves classical conditioning creating a conditioned fear elicited by a warning signal, and the avoidance response being maintained by operant conditioning through negative reinforcement?
According to the text, which theory involves classical conditioning creating a conditioned fear elicited by a warning signal, and the avoidance response being maintained by operant conditioning through negative reinforcement?
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Which theory has difficulty explaining evidence that fear influences avoidance, as fear amplifies avoidance learning, according to the text?
Which theory has difficulty explaining evidence that fear influences avoidance, as fear amplifies avoidance learning, according to the text?
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According to the text, why is extinction difficult in avoidance behavior?
According to the text, why is extinction difficult in avoidance behavior?
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Which theory suggests that avoidance is driven by an escape from fear, not the prevention of the aversive stimulus, and involves classical and operant conditioning?
Which theory suggests that avoidance is driven by an escape from fear, not the prevention of the aversive stimulus, and involves classical and operant conditioning?
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According to the text, what makes teaching rats to press a bar to avoid shock surprisingly difficult?
According to the text, what makes teaching rats to press a bar to avoid shock surprisingly difficult?
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According to the text, what affects animals' ability to learn avoidance behaviors?
According to the text, what affects animals' ability to learn avoidance behaviors?
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Which theory suggests that avoidance is driven by the rate of aversive stimulation and does not require a conditioned stimulus for avoidance learning to occur, according to the text?
Which theory suggests that avoidance is driven by the rate of aversive stimulation and does not require a conditioned stimulus for avoidance learning to occur, according to the text?
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Study Notes
Theories of Avoidance Learning
- Two-factor theory involves classical and operant conditioning and the avoidance response is learned through the reduction of fear associated with the conditioned stimulus.
- One-factor theory suggests that avoidance is negatively reinforced by the lower rate of adversity stimulation associated with it and does not require a conditioned stimulus for avoidance learning to occur.
- Cognitive theory of avoidance learning suggests that avoidance responding is based on the subject’s expectation that a response will avoid the aversive stimulus, and fear has little role in this theory.
- Two independent processes are involved in the two-factor model of avoidance learning: classical conditioning creates a conditioned fear elicited by a warning signal, and the avoidance response is maintained by operant conditioning through negative reinforcement.
- Cognitive theories of avoidance learning emphasize that avoidance responding is based on subjects’ expectations, and these theories account for more complex results and are more sophisticated than traditional theories.
- Extinction is difficult in avoidance behavior as it depends on two expectations: shock will occur in the absence of response, but not if a response is made.
- Cognitive explanation of avoidance learning suggests that the expectation of shock strengthens with each trial and animals continue to respond during extinction due to a lack of chance to learn what happens if they don’t respond.
- Cognitive theory, however, has difficulty explaining evidence that fear influences avoidance, as fear amplifies avoidance learning.
- Teaching rats to press a bar to avoid shock is surprisingly difficult, as rats are good at pressing bars to obtain food, but avoiding shock is a powerful reinforcer.
- Some animals have innate responses that affect their ability to learn avoidance behaviors, as each species has innate responses that are congruent or incongruent with the behavior being trained.
- The two-factor theory suggests that avoidance is driven by an escape from fear, not the prevention of the aversive stimulus, and involves classical and operant conditioning.
- The one-factor theory suggests that avoidance is driven by the rate of aversive stimulation and does not require a conditioned stimulus for avoidance learning to occur.
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Description
Test your knowledge of theories of avoidance learning with this quiz. Explore the two-factor theory, one-factor theory, and cognitive theories of avoidance learning, as well as the challenges and complexities associated with extinction and innate responses in animals.
