Theories in Political Science
106 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is one reason rules exist according to the text?

  • To order society and provide security (correct)
  • To restrict personal freedom
  • To complicate daily activities
  • To encourage political protests

    • Which statement best describes the relationship between rules and government in the context of the text?

  • Rules originate from government and are necessary for societal organization (correct)
  • Government creates rules to control individual activities
  • Government enforces rules only for political protests
  • Rules are mandated by government to limit personal freedom

    • Behavioralists believe that personal values of individual researchers should play a significant role in analyzing politics.

    False

    Post-behavioralists advocate for focusing on the values of studying politics.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Theories deliberately include all details to provide a comprehensive understanding of complex events.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Politics involves making decisions about selecting one set of values over another.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three related purposes of theories in the study of politics?

    <ol> <li>Explain common causes shared by related events</li> <li>Apply these explanations to future events and try to predict outcomes</li> <li>Help policy makers and citizens choose effective policies for achieving goals</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    How do theories in politics deal with the complexity of events?

    <p>Theories deliberately abstract from reality, focusing on important parts of complex events while leaving out details.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should we evaluate a theory when an event seems to contradict it?

    <p>We should evaluate the theory based on whether it provides more understanding overall compared to competing theories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of values in the study of politics according to the post-behavioralists?

    <p>Values cannot and should not be removed from the study of politics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do behavioralists differ from post-behavioralists in their approach to studying politics?

    <p>Behavioralists argue for objectivity by removing personal values, while post-behavioralists emphasize the role of values in analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does positivism assert should be the focus of science?

    <p>Studying observable facts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the rise of empirical and semantic analyses contribute to the decline of normative analysis?

    <p>By focusing on observable behavior and data analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major limitation imposed by positivism on scientific inquiry?

    <p>The restriction to observable data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does semantic analysis differ from normative analysis based on the text?

    <p>It examines the meaning of political language and concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the 'behavioral revolution' impact the study of politics during the 20th century?

    <p>It shifted focus to observable behavior and data analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the feminist perspective, what is the underlying reason for considering the personal realm as political?

    <p>The continued dominance of men in personal relationships and families</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main emphasis of the Marxist perspective in understanding political power?

    <p>The importance of economic structures in shaping political dynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the indigenous perspective, which of the following entities are considered to have their own laws and rights?

    <p>Waters, plants, and animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary argument of proponents of animal rights in the context of politics?

    <p>Animals should be considered as beings whose interests should be considered in the political process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which perspective aligns with the view that existence is interconnected and interrelated, extending political boundaries to encompass the entire natural world?

    <p>The deep ecology perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the text, ethical considerations are explored by questioning duties towards which entities?

    <p>Plants, animals, lands, and waters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, who is involved in making decisions in a democratic form of government?

    <p>Entire population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the discussion on justice and liberty, why is consideration of the natural world significant?

    <p>It raises questions about ethical dimensions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, which of the following best describes the core principle of logical positivism?

    <p>It considers only empirically verifiable statements and observations as meaningful.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of behaviorism, as mentioned in the passage?

    <p>To achieve objective measurement of the social world by eliminating values from social inquiry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best represents the contemporary approach to political philosophy, according to the passage?

    <p>It is characterized by caution, tentativeness, and a deviation from grand narratives of the past.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between behaviorism and contemporary political philosophy, as depicted in the passage?

    <p>Contemporary political philosophy represents a departure from the strict empiricism advocated by behaviorism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sovereignty refers to the authority of a state to make life and death decisions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Hegel's view, civil society includes governmental institutions such as the military and police.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    State legitimacy can only be challenged internally, not externally.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Civil society consists of NGOs but excludes religious institutions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The state is a larger entity than the government.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sovereign capabilities are best reflected in the state's ability to provide healthcare to its citizens.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Civil society includes governmental organizations like the Council of Canadians.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The state's authority is based on coercion rather than legitimacy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hegel considered the family to be part of civil society.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    State sovereignty allows a state to demand citizens' participation in wars with other sovereign states.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain a weakness of the inductive method highlighted in the passage.

    <p>Inductive method excels at gathering empirical data but tends to be weaker in theory generation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might inductive reasoning fall short in providing explanations for identified patterns in empirical data?

    <p>It may not inherently explain why the patterns or correlations exist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Distinguish between inductive and deductive reasoning based on their approach to forming conclusions.

    <p>Inductive reasoning starts with specific examples and moves towards a generalization, while deductive reasoning starts with general principles and moves towards specific conclusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does identifying a correlation between social class and voting behavior not inherently explain voting behavior?

    <p>It gives multiple possible explanations but lacks a precise explanation for voting behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary suggestion for theorists according to the critique aligned with the positivist tradition?

    <p>Theorists should focus on falsifying existing hypotheses rather than primarily generating new ones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the movement of power away from the state towards international organizations, the market, and sub-national levels of government?

    <p>Hollowing out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of Keynes' main suggestions regarding the economy?

    <p>To increase state intervention to balance out boom-and-bust cycles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the text, what does the term 'neoliberal' refer to?

    <p>The transformation of the liberal democratic state towards less state control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which direction does power move 'outwards' towards, according to the text?

    <p>Towards sub-national levels of government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jessop (1990) suggest has happened to the control of the economy in relation to the state?

    <p>Power has shifted away from the state towards other entities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Keynes suggested that the state should not intervene in the economy to balance out boom-and-bust cycles.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The movement of control away from the state has led to the term 'filling in' instead of 'hollowing out.'

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Power has predominantly moved downwards to sub-national levels of government according to Jessop (1990).

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Globalization has had limited implications on the role of the state, according to the passage.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Different theories of the state have little to offer in understanding the modern world.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the movement of power away from the state towards international organizations, the market, and sub-national levels of government?

    <p>'Hollowing out'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Keynes, what was the main suggestion regarding the state's intervention in the economy?

    <p>The state needed to intervene in the economy to balance out boom-and-bust cycles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jessop (1990) suggest has happened to the control of the economy in relation to the state?

    <p>Power has moved outwards towards the market and downwards to sub-national levels of government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain a weakness of the inductive method highlighted in the passage.

    <p>Inductive reasoning may fall short in providing explanations for identified patterns in empirical data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, what was one of the main criticisms of Locke's social contract theory by Henderson?

    <p>Locke's theory was biased against Africans and Indigenous peoples of the Americas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key argument made by Mary Wollstonecraft in her work 'A Vindication of the Rights of Woman'?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the passage, how does Wollstonecraft's perspective on social contract theory and democracy differ from Locke and Rousseau?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the passage characterize Wollstonecraft's perspective on the role of government and social equality?

    <p>Wollstonecraft envisioned a society with equal opportunity and the elimination of inherited wealth and poverty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the text, what is the primary argument of proponents of democratic elitism?

    <p>Elites should govern independently due to concerns about authoritarian values among the masses leading to instability and crisis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, what is the underlying idea behind the liberal social contract tradition?

    <p>Individuals would come together to collectively decide the nature of the political system under which they want to live.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, what is the primary criticism of Locke's concept of possessive individualism?

    <p>It promotes selfishness and greed, leading to substantial social inequalities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the passage describe the relationship between negative rights and capitalism?

    <p>Negative rights are seen as protecting individual freedoms and property rights within the capitalist system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, how are positive rights viewed in relation to social and economic justice?

    <p>Positive rights are seen as directly connected to social and economic justice, regardless of the economic system in place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary critique of the social contract theory presented in the passage?

    <p>The social contract theory is based on a flawed assumption that only European men possessed sufficient intelligence and reason to participate in government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the passage characterize the relationship between Locke's concept of negative rights and the concept of positive rights?

    <p>The passage highlights that the concept of positive rights can create conflicts with the negative rights championed by Locke, particularly in cases where the right to own property clashes with positive rights to basic necessities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, which aspect of Locke's political philosophy contrasts most with Hobbes' view?

    <p>Both B and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes Locke's conception of 'negative rights' as discussed in the passage?

    <p>Rights that the state should not interfere with, such as freedom of speech and religion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the passage characterize Hobbes' view on the role of the state and individual freedom?

    <p>Hobbes argued for a secular system where individuals surrender their freedom in exchange for security, not due to divine authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key distinction between realism and liberal/critical theories in international relations?

    <p>Realists focus on power politics and national interest, while liberals/critics focus on idealism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of state sovereignty according to the passage?

    <p>The state's monopoly of force over people and institutions within its territory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the passage characterize the relationship between rational choice theory and institutional constraints?

    <p>Rational choice theory recognizes that preferences are determined by context and institutional constraints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pluralism is criticized for emphasizing societal differences to the extent that it values the concept of a general or public interest.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elite theory makes a value judgment about the desirability of elite rule in modern societies.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One of the normative critiques of pluralism is that it may enhance opportunities for participation, challenging the notion that elite competition is the best democratic achievement.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elite theory asserts that modern societies are dominated by a ruling elite, but it praises the potential for diverse political participation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pluralism devalues the concept of a general or public interest by emphasizing shared interests and values among societal groups.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Communitarians criticize liberalism for overemphasizing collective values over individual rights.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to communitarians like MacIntyre, the state should play a minimal role in fostering a shared vision of good.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'hollowing out' thesis suggests that states have gained more power in the globalized era.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Hollowing out' refers to the idea that entities like currency speculators now hold more power compared to states.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Communitarians generally agree that liberalism accurately represents modern societies' reliance on social ties in shaping beliefs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Logical positivism appreciates the value of normative analysis in political philosophy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, state legitimacy can only be questioned internally, not externally.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Globalization has had profound implications on the role of the state, according to the passage.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Political theorists primarily ask three kinds of questions about political phenomena: semantic, normative, and empirical.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The liberal social contract tradition involves an exploration of a state of nature without individuals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Democratic elitism argues that elites should govern independently due to concerns about authoritarian values among the masses.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The notion of a social contract implies an agreement among individuals to create a government that would limit citizens' rights.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Locke, Rousseau, and Rawls are associated with the liberal social contract tradition.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Democratic elitism proponents are ideologically opposed to public participation in governance.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Realism in international relations emphasizes the importance of liberal and critical theories.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Semantic analysis involves analyzing the historical origins of the concepts we use.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sovereignty refers to self-government and the state's control over the people and institutions within its territory.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the contrasting visions of an ideal state presented by Hobbes and Locke based on their views on human nature.

    <p>Hobbes depicts human nature as self-serving and competitive, advocating for an all-powerful sovereign to impose order. Locke, on the other hand, believed in the harmonious capacity of individuals and argued for political rule only to safeguard natural rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the concept of negative rights advocated by Locke and provide examples of such rights.

    <p>Locke argued for negative rights, including rights to life, liberty, and property. These rights focus on individuals' freedom from interference rather than entitlements to state-provided goods or services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the concept of the 'Leviathan' in Hobbes' political philosophy?

    <p>The 'Leviathan' represents the all-powerful sovereign authority advocated by Hobbes to maintain order and security in society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the idea of state legitimacy and how it is challenged according to the text.

    <p>State legitimacy can be challenged both internally and externally, questioning the authority and justification of the government to rule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Discuss the role of sovereignty in state governance and provide an explanation of state sovereignty.

    <p>Sovereignty refers to the authority of a state to make decisions within its territorial boundaries, including matters of life and death. It is a key aspect of state governance and independence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are institutional constraints in the context of rational choice theory?

    <p>Influences like cultural, religious, or moral beliefs that impact decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the principle of sovereignty as mentioned in the text.

    <p>Sovereignty refers to a state having a monopoly of force over people and institutions within its territory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do realists differ from liberal and critical theorists in international relations?

    <p>Realists prioritize power politics and national interest, opposing the idealism of liberal and critical theories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of semantic analysis according to the text?

    <p>Semantic analysis focuses on the meaning, origins, and usage of concepts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Discuss the role of altruism and other standards of behavior in the context of rational choice theory.

    <p>Belief in altruism or other standards can lead individuals to act contrary to self-interest, factored in as institutional constraints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser