Theoretical Perspectives in Abnormal Psychology
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Questions and Answers

According to the content, what is the role of cognitive mediators in social learning?

  • Cognitive mediators influence behavior directly or indirectly. (correct)
  • Cognitive mediators are only relevant in observational learning.
  • Cognitive mediators act independently of overt behavior.
  • Cognitive mediators are solely responsible for shaping behavior.
  • Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of the cognitive perspective on abnormality?

  • Abnormal behavior is primarily caused by environmental factors. (correct)
  • Automatic thoughts can contribute to the development of negative beliefs.
  • Dysfunctional attitudes play a significant role in cognitive distortions.
  • Abnormal behavior is primarily a result of maladaptive thoughts.
  • What is the key characteristic that distinguishes mindfulness from other therapeutic approaches?

  • Mindfulness focuses on altering negative thoughts and beliefs.
  • Mindfulness emphasizes intentional focus on the present moment without judgment. (correct)
  • Mindfulness exclusively uses behavioral strategies.
  • Mindfulness is a highly structured and directive therapeutic approach.
  • What is the main implication of clinicians adopting an integrative approach to therapy?

    <p>It prioritizes individualization and tailoring treatment to the client. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using a biopsychosocial perspective in understanding mental health?

    <p>To consider the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding mental health. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of applying an acceptance-based perspective to psychotherapy?

    <p>Improved effectiveness through both behavioral and cognitive strategies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided content, what is the recommended format for Test 1?

    <p>A 50-question multiple-choice exam covering concepts and application. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should the primary emphasis of Test 1 content be drawn from?

    <p>A combination of both Connect assignments and lectures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the id primarily seek to achieve according to Freud's theory?

    <p>Total satisfaction of basic biological drives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the mind is responsible for moral judgments and aspirations?

    <p>Superego (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of defense mechanisms in Freud's theory?

    <p>To keep unacceptable thoughts out of conscious awareness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the given case, what defense mechanism might the parent be using when blaming the sports instructor?

    <p>Displacement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the limbic system in the brain?

    <p>Controls impulses and regulates emotions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes genotype?

    <p>The genetic makeup of an organism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle guides the ego in making decisions?

    <p>Reality principle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the frontal lobes?

    <p>Executive functioning and reasoning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does behavioral phenotype refer to?

    <p>A pattern of behavior associated with a specific genotype (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do genes influence neurotransmitter production?

    <p>Genes determine the types of neurotransmitters produced (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key to success in this course, according to the provided content?

    <p>Understanding and connecting information from different sources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is positive reinforcement, as exemplified in the case of Jason?

    <p>A technique where a reward is given contingent upon a desired behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the 'ABCs' in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)?

    <p>Identifying the antecedents, behaviors, and consequences of a behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'Reliability' in the context of clinical diagnosis?

    <p>The consistency with which clinicians diagnose a particular condition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key term in Chapter 2 (p. 45) that relates to the accuracy of a diagnostic tool?

    <p>Validity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the statement 'LOTS of overlap between the textbook (Connect) and lecture...review concepts...'?

    <p>Students are expected to understand and connect the concepts discussed in both the textbook and lectures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for reviewing all cases and examples from the four lectures?

    <p>To develop an understanding of the principles and concepts illustrated by the cases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the statement 'UNDERSTANDING AND GENERALIZING IS KEY'?

    <p>Students are expected to apply their knowledge to new and unfamiliar situations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the biological perspective in abnormal psychology?

    <p>The role of genetics and the nervous system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of neurotransmitters in psychological disorders?

    <p>They can influence behavior when altered by medications. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of understanding the biopsychosocial model in abnormal psychology?

    <p>It highlights the interaction between genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cases of high anxiety, what approach might be argued as necessary before mental health treatment?

    <p>Medication to reduce anxiety symptoms for treatment readiness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to learn about different perspectives in understanding psychological disorders?

    <p>Each perspective offers unique insights into the complexity of human behavior. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of traditional psychoanalytic treatment?

    <p>To bring repressed, unconscious material into conscious awareness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do post-Freudians differ in their focus compared to traditional psychoanalysis?

    <p>They focus on relationships with objects rather than just repressed memories (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which perspective emphasizes a functional approach to behavior?

    <p>Applied Behavior Analysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the ABC model in Applied Behavior Analysis stand for?

    <p>Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key component of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?

    <p>Psychoeducation for children (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment method includes teaching coping mechanisms and preventive methods?

    <p>Exposure and response prevention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is understanding childhood relationships important in the context of post-Freudian theory?

    <p>They can significantly impact behavioral issues in adulthood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a highlighted characteristic of cognitive and behavioral influences on children?

    <p>They shape how children interpret the world around them (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Genes

    Instructions for forming proteins in the body's cells.

    Genotype

    The genetic makeup of an organism, determining traits.

    Phenotype

    The physical and psychological traits of an individual based on genotype.

    Frontal Lobes

    Brain areas responsible for thinking, reasoning, and self-control.

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    Limbic System

    Part of the brain that regulates emotions and basic drives like hunger.

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    Biopsychosocial Model

    A perspective that considers biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding human behavior and mental disorders.

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    Biological Perspective

    Focuses on the role of biological factors, like genetics and the nervous system, in affecting behavior and psychological disorders.

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    Neurotransmitters

    Chemical substances released from neurons that transmit signals across the synapse to other neurons.

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    SSRIs

    Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, a type of medication that helps increase serotonin levels to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety.

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    Mental Health Treatment vs. Medication

    Debate on whether psychotherapy or medication should be prioritized in treating psychological disorders.

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    Psychodynamic Perspective

    Psychological approach emphasizing unconscious influences on behavior.

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    Id

    Part of the mind focused on basic biological drives and desires.

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    Ego

    Mental structure balancing desires of the Id with reality.

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    Superego

    Moral conscience that dictates right and wrong behavior.

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    Defense Mechanisms

    Tactics to keep threatening thoughts out of awareness to protect the ego.

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    Comprehension

    The ability to understand and process information effectively.

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    Positive Reinforcement

    A method to encourage behavior by providing rewards for desired actions.

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    Reliability

    The consistency of diagnoses across different individuals with similar symptoms.

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    Validity

    The accuracy of a test in measuring what it claims to measure.

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    Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)

    A technique that focuses on understanding behavior through the ABCs: Antecedents, Behaviors, and Consequences.

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    Contingency Management

    An approach in behavior management that uses rewards and consequences to modify behavior.

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    Historical Views in Psychology

    Different approaches to understanding behavior, including spiritual and humanitarian views.

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    Overlap in Learning

    The connections between different learning materials, enhancing understanding.

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    Social Learning Theory

    A theory suggesting behavior is learned through observing others, rather than through direct experience.

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    Overt Behaviors

    Visible actions that can be directly observed and measured.

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    Cognitive Mediators

    Mental processes that influence how we perceive and respond to experiences.

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    Self-Efficacy

    Belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish tasks.

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    Dysfunctional Attitudes

    Negative self-beliefs that are deeply ingrained and affect behavior.

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    Automatic Thoughts

    Unconscious, habitual ideas that arise from dysfunctional attitudes.

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    Mindfulness

    Being fully present and aware without judging feelings or thoughts.

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    Biopsychosocial Approach

    A method combining biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding behavior.

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    Intellectualization

    A defense mechanism where emotional issues are rationalized or placed onto others.

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    Goal of Psychoanalytic Treatment

    To bring repressed unconscious material into conscious awareness.

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    Object Relations Theory

    A theory emphasizing relationships people have with others in their lives.

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    Early Childhood Relationships

    The foundation for understanding abnormal behavior according to Object Relations Theory.

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    ABC Model in Behavioral Assessment

    A framework that stands for Antecedent, Behavior, and Consequence.

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    Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

    A treatment focusing on changing negative thought patterns to improve behavior.

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    Psychoeducation

    Teaching clients about their mental health issues and coping strategies.

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    Study Notes

    Theoretical Perspectives in Abnormal Psychology

    • Abnormal psychology examines human behavior and psychological disorders.
    • Orientation to understanding cases of human behavior and treatment of psychological disorders.
    • Biopsychosocial influences: Perspectives on interplay between familial inheritance, individual experiences, and environmental factors.
    • Biological perspective: Assumes disturbances in emotions, behavior, and cognition are caused by issues in the nervous system and genetics. Focuses on the roles of the nervous system and genetics.
    • Neurotransmitters are chemical substances released from a neuron into the synapse, absorbed by the receiving neuron.
    • Different neurotransmitters are linked with various psychological disorders.
    • Psychotherapeutic medications, like SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors), can alter neurotransmitter levels, potentially reducing symptoms of psychological disorders.

    Role of Genetics

    • Genes are instructions for forming proteins within cells.
    • Genes control the production of neurotransmitters.
    • Genotype is an organism's complete genetic makeup.
    • Discussion of the role of genetics, including an overview of the interplay between genotype and phenotype, is included for a thorough study of the given text.

    Brain Structure

    • Cerebral Cortex enables planning, reasoning.
    • Limbic System regulates emotions, expressions, and impulses.
    • Basal Ganglia controls motor functions and behaviors (e.g., tics, obsessive-compulsive disorder).

    Psychodynamic Perspective

    • Psychodynamic perspective emphasizes the role of unconscious determinants.
    • Sigmund Freud developed this theory related to the structure of the mind, including id, ego, and superego.

    Defense Mechanisms

    • Defense mechanisms are tactics to keep unacceptable thoughts, instincts, and feelings out of conscious awareness.
    • Examples include Displacement, Intellectualization, Reaction Formation, Repression, Denial, Projection, Sublimation, and Regression.
    • Understanding defense mechanisms helps define the concepts discussed.

    Applied Behavior Analysis

    • Scientific application of learning principles to enhance well-being.
    • Emphasizes a functional approach to behavior, analyzing ABCs (Antecedents, Behaviors, Consequences).
    • Important for understanding the reasons behind behaviors.
    • Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA) identifies reasons behind behavior.

    Social Learning and Cognition

    • Social learning explains behaviors through overt behaviors, cognitive mediators, observational (vicarious) learning, and self-efficacy.

    Cognitive Perspective

    • Assumes abnormality arises from maladaptive thought processes.
    • Dysfunctional attitudes, negative beliefs about the self, cause difficulties and negative behaviors.
    • Automatic thoughts are product of dysfunctional attitudes.

    Acceptance-Based Perspective

    • Uses behavioral and cognitive strategies.
    • Mindfulness brings present-moment awareness with judgment-free observations.
    • Biopsychosocial Perspectives: Integrative approach integrating various models for treatment.

    Test 1 Review

    • Test 1 format: 1-hour, 50 multiple-choice questions on concepts covered in lecture and Connect.
    • Study emphasis is placed on identifying key content for understanding the concepts described in the provided text.

    Causes of Abnormal Behavior

    • Biological factors include genetic inheritance, physiological changes, and exposure to toxins.
    • Psychological factors include past experiences, maladaptive thought patterns, and coping mechanisms.
    • Sociocultural aspects include social pressures, discrimination, and stigma.

    Reliability and Validity

    • Reliability measures diagnostic consistency across individuals with similar symptoms.
    • Validity ensures the diagnostic tool accurately characterizes a person's psychological condition.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the theoretical perspectives in abnormal psychology, focusing on psychosocial influences, biological factors, and the role of neurotransmitters. It covers how these perspectives impact human behavior and the treatment of psychological disorders. Test your knowledge on the interplay between genetics, environment, and psychological health.

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