Community Health Nursing 2

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Questions and Answers

What is the main goal of primary prevention?

To prevent diseases or injuries before they occur (correct)

To identify diseases early through screenings

To manage long-term health problems

To reduce the impact of disease after it has occurred

Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention?

Promoting healthy eating habits

Banning hazardous products

Regular exams and screening tests (correct)

Immunization against diseases

Which approach is part of tertiary prevention?

Implementing legislation for safe practices

Helping individuals manage long-term health problems (correct)

Conducting public awareness campaigns

Encouraging regular exercise and healthy habits

What is a common goal for primary prevention strategies?

Encouraging smoking cessation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically a focus of secondary prevention?

Encouraging lifestyle changes to prevent disease Signup and view all the answers

Immunization is primarily an example of which type of prevention?

Primary prevention Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical activity associated with tertiary prevention?

Providing rehabilitation for chronic illnesses Signup and view all the answers

Which concept aims to alter behaviors that can lead to diseases or injuries?

Primary prevention Signup and view all the answers

What does the Health Belief Model primarily aim to explain?

Explains and predicts health-related behaviors Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT included as a type of variable in the Health Belief Model?

Biological variables Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of chronic disease management programs?

To improve functionality and quality of life Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'perceived susceptibility' in the context of the Health Belief Model?

Subjective assessment of risk for health problems Signup and view all the answers

What does prevention in health focus on?

Preventing the onset of diseases and health problems Signup and view all the answers

What do demographic variables include in the Health Belief Model?

Class, gender, and age Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Nola Pender's Health Promotion theory?

Health is a dynamic state involving well-being Signup and view all the answers

How does the Health Belief Model view the relationship between behavior and expectations?

Behavior is a function of expected outcomes and their value Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key term associated with the Health Belief Model?

Perceived barriers Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'individual characteristics and experiences' refer to in Pender's theory?

Personal factors like biological and psychological traits Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely behavior of individuals who perceive they are susceptible to a health problem?

They may engage in preventive health behaviors Signup and view all the answers

In health promotion, which factor is NOT considered as part of behavior-specific cognition and affect?

Cognitive dissonance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'benefits' in the Health Belief Model?

Perceived positive outcomes from health actions Signup and view all the answers

What role do support groups play in managing chronic diseases?

Allowing members to share living strategies Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a level of prevention in health?

Random prevention Signup and view all the answers

How does Nola Pender’s theory view health promotion?

As a proactive approach to well-being Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of administrative diagnosis?

Assessing policies, resources, and organizational circumstances Signup and view all the answers

What does policy diagnosis assess?

The compatibility of program goals with the organization Signup and view all the answers

Which phase focuses on determining if program objectives are being met?

Process evaluation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of impact evaluation?

To measure the effectiveness concerning intermediate objectives Signup and view all the answers

Which phase assesses the overall objectives and health impact on the community?

Outcome evaluation Signup and view all the answers

In which context are nurses involved according to the provided content?

Providing care across all stages from birth to end of life Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of program evaluation is targeted during the implementation phase?

Evaluating whether the program follows established protocols Signup and view all the answers

Which function is NOT associated with nurses in the content provided?

Developing new surgical techniques Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of attending to complaints of establishments related to industrial hygiene?

To recommend immediate measures for compliance Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential function of community mental health nursing?

Establish long term therapeutic relationships with clients Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is critical for ensuring the safety of workers regarding hazards in the workplace?

Informing workers about the nature of hazards Signup and view all the answers

What should be done regarding personal protective equipment (PPE) in the workplace?

Ensure strict compliance with its regular use and maintenance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities is NOT a function of a community mental health nurse?

Increasing financial profitability of healthcare facilities Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is important for addressing unsolved occupational health issues?

Referring issues to higher authority Signup and view all the answers

What type of service should be provided to employees regarding their occupational health?

An occupational health service and facilities Signup and view all the answers

What is a key responsibility for testing workers in relation to workplace hazards?

Conducting physical examinations related to exposure to hazards Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Theoretical Models in Community Health Practice

Theoretical models explain health phenomena by attributing inner structures or mechanisms, influencing community health.
Health Belief Model (HBM): Predicts health-related behaviors based on individual perceptions of risk and benefits.
Key Terms in HBM:
- Demographic and Psychosocial Characteristics: Affect individual perceptions of health behaviors.
- Perceived Susceptibility: Individuals assessing their risk of health problems tend to adopt preventive behaviors.
- Primary Prevention: Focuses on preventing disease before it occurs through legislation, education, and immunization.
- Secondary Prevention: Involves early detection and treatment to slow disease progression and encourage strategies that prevent recurrence.
- Tertiary Prevention: Aims to manage long-term health issues, improving quality of life and functional ability.
Nola Pender's Health Promotion: Views health as a dynamic state and promotes well-being through understanding individual influences on health.
Key Concepts in Pender's Model:
- Individual Characteristics and Experiences: Personal behaviors and factors that influence health.
- Behavior-Specific Cognition and Affect: Includes perceived benefits, barriers, self-efficacy, and interpersonal influences affecting health behavior.
- Administrative Diagnosis: Assesses policies and resources for program development and feasibility.
- Process Evaluation: Evaluates the implementation of health programs and their effectiveness in achieving objectives.
- Impact Evaluation: Measures changes in factors influenced by the program and educator performance.
- Outcome Evaluation: Assesses overall program effects on community health and quality of life.

Different Fields of Nursing

Nurses play essential roles in communities, providing care from birth to end-of-life stages.
Nursing functions include direct patient care, case management, establishing standards, and quality assurance.
Occupational Health Nursing:
- Assesses complaints related to industrial hygiene, recommending compliance measures.
- Participates in maintaining protective barriers to manage workplace hazards.
- Ensures worker awareness of hazards and controls, alongside regular health examinations.
- Enforces the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for safety compliance.
- Provides ongoing occupational health services and communicates unresolved issues to authorities.
- Prepares annual reports for local and national health departments.
Community Mental Health Nursing:
- Applies specialized knowledge to promote and maintain mental health in communities.
- Establishes therapeutic relationships through home visits and develops comprehensive care plans.
- Focuses on sociocultural needs and encourages medication adherence among clients.

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Description

Explore key theoretical models that shape community health practices, including the Health Belief Model. Understand how demographic and psychosocial characteristics influence health perceptions and behaviors. Learn about primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention strategies in improving health outcomes.