Theoretical Approaches to Motivation
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Questions and Answers

What is the theoretical approach that views human behavior as motivated by automatic, involuntary, and unlearned responses?

  • Arousal theory
  • Drive-reduction theory
  • Incentive theory
  • Instinct theory (correct)
  • Which term is used to describe the innate, automatic dispositions towards responding in a particular way when confronted with a specific stimulus?

  • Fixed-action patterns (correct)
  • Releaser mechanism
  • Automaticism
  • Stimulus-response instinct
  • In the context of motivation theories, what characterizes early 20th-century explanations of motivation?

  • Explanation in terms of instincts (correct)
  • Reinforcement and punishment mechanisms
  • Focus on biological drives
  • Emphasis on cognitive processes
  • Which theoretical approach explores motivation from biological, psychological, and social perspectives?

    <p>Maslow's hierarchy of needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stimuli can trigger innate behaviors known as fixed-action patterns?

    <p>Species-typical stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the instinct doctrine, how are instinctive behaviours characterized?

    <p>Involuntary and released by certain stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did William McDougall suggest about human instincts?

    <p>Humans have a variety of instinctive behaviors that are inborn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do modern psychologists view instinctive behaviors compared to early instinct theories?

    <p>As modal action patterns that can vary and be influenced by experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main emphasis of drive reduction theory in explaining motivation?

    <p>The need to maintain physiological equilibrium or homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was the application of the instinct doctrine to human motivation criticized?

    <p>It relied too heavily on observable behaviors without considering origin or development</p> Signup and view all the answers

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