Theology: Knowledge, Bias, and Faith

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between faith and theology?

  • Theology dictates the content of faith, defining what believers should believe.
  • Theology is independent of faith, relying solely on reason and empirical evidence.
  • Faith is a prerequisite for theology, providing the subject matter and context for theological reflection. (correct)
  • Faith and theology are synonymous, representing the same intellectual pursuit.

Which of the following statements accurately reflects Lonergan's understanding of the 'pure, unrestricted desire to know'?

  • It's an inherent human drive that seeks understanding and truth, even when it challenges pre-existing beliefs. (correct)
  • It's a passive acceptance of established doctrines without questioning.
  • It's a desire fulfilled through sensory experiences alone.
  • It's a detached,Objective pursuit of knowledge, unaffected by personal biases.

Analogy is necessary when speaking about God because:

  • It simplifies complex theological concepts for a wider audience.
  • It allows us to define God precisely using human language.
  • Human language, rooted in finite experience, cannot directly capture the infinite nature of God. (correct)
  • God is completely unknowable, so any language is purely symbolic.

How does Karl Rahner's concept of 'mediated immediacy' describe our experience of God?

<p>Our experience of God is always filtered through created realities and historical contexts, yet still genuinely immediate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a central distinction between 'theology from above' and 'theology from below'?

<p>'Theology from above' begins with God's self-revelation, while 'theology from below' starts with human experience and the world. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically considered a criterion for determining the canonicity of a New Testament book?

<p>Inclusion of detailed prophecies about future events (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary significance of the Septuagint (LXX)?

<p>It is the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, used by many Jews and early Christians. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best characterizes the 'Synoptic Problem'?

<p>The question of the literary relationship between Matthew, Mark and Luke, given their similarities and differences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Mark's Gospel, what is the likely function of the 'Messianic Secret'?

<p>To explain why Jesus commanded those who recognized him to remain silent about his identity, preventing premature or misunderstood acclaim. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Jesus' cry, 'My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?' (Mark 15:34), in the context of Mark's Christology?

<p>It expresses the depths of Jesus' suffering and solidarity with those who feel abandoned, echoing Psalm 22. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Lonergan's 'Pure, Unrestricted Desire to Know'

The innate human desire to understand and know without limitations.

The Distorting Role of Bias

The distortion of understanding caused by personal biases and prejudices.

Lonergan's Conversions

The intellectual, moral, and religious transformations that shape one's understanding.

Experience

What can I experience?

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Understanding

What is so?

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Judgment

Is it really so?

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Dunning-Kruger Effect

A cognitive bias where people with low expertise overestimate their abilities.

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Definition of Theology

Rational, systematic study of religion and God's relationship to the world.

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Theology vs. Religious Studies

Religious studies examines religious phenomena, theology interprets faith from within.

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Arguments Against Theology

Arguments that discredit or dismiss the field of theology.

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Study Notes

  • Lonergan defined the human desire to know as a 'pure, unrestricted desire'.
  • Bias distorts the knowing process.
  • Conversions play a key role in knowledge acquisition.
  • Knowing involves three stages: experiential, intellectual, and responsible.
  • Each stage correlates to a specific question: What is it? Why is it so? Is it truly good?
  • The Dunning-Kruger Effect is a cognitive bias where people with low ability overestimate their competence.
  • Theology is the study of God and religious beliefs.
  • Theology differs from religious studies, which examines religious phenomena without necessarily adhering to the beliefs.
  • Theology's audience is both internal (ad intra, believers) and external (ad extra, non-believers).
  • Theology is related to faith, it reflects upon it, and faith is at the source of all theology.
  • Faith has two primary forms: act (the doing of believing) and content (doctrine).
  • Revelation occurs in two forms: particular (specific events) and universal (general experiences).
  • Some arguments against theology by believers include accusations of intellectualizing faith and undermining its simplicity.
  • Theology assumes the existence of God as an ontological reality.
  • Analogy in theological language has three steps: identifying similarities, acknowledging differences, and recognizing the limitations of human language when describing God.
  • Analogy is necessary because God is beyond human comprehension, so our language can only approximate divine realities.
  • Creation is the doctrine that God brought the universe into existence.
  • Pantheism identifies God with the universe.
  • Panentheism states that God is in the universe and the universe is in God.
  • Deism posits that God created the universe but does not intervene in it.
  • Immanence means God is present and active within the world.
  • Transcendence means God is beyond and independent of the world.
  • Karl Rahner explored the possibility of a 'direct' experience of God, terming it 'mediated immediacy' or 'a certain obscure clarity'.
  • Rahner, as a Jesuit, influenced his theology, emphasizing God's presence in all things.
  • Theology from above starts with God's revelation and works downward to understand human experience. Whereas theology from below begins with human experience and moves upward toward God.
  • Karl Barth's theology exemplifies the "theology from above (revelation)", while Karl Rahner's exemplifies theology "from below (experience)".
  • Subdivisions of theology as an academic subject: Biblical, Historical, Moral, Systematic
  • Inspiration models: dictation, instrumental, encounter; relate to levels of inerrancy presupposed
  • New Testament Literature: Gospels, Acts, Letters, Apocalypse
  • Book of Revelation interpretation: historical, symbolic.
  • The New Testament canon developed over time, based on criteria like apostolic authorship and consistency with tradition.
  • Synoptic Gospels: Matthew, Mark, Luke. Differ from John .
  • Source Q - a hypothetical collection of sayings of Jesus used by Matthew and Luke. Source is required to explain the similarities and their differences.
  • Jesus of history refers to the historical figure while the Christ of faith refers to the theological understanding.
  • Gospels formation stages: the historical Jesus, oral tradition, written gospels
  • YHWH - God's name, origin, meaning and significance
  • LXX - Septuagint. Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible. Included Deuterocanonical/Apocryphal texts.
  • J.P. Meier argued historical Jesus is important for faith
  • J.P. Metz spoke of ‘dangerous memory’ as remembering past suffering in a way that challenges the present.
  • Jesus' Palestine: Roman-governed
  • Mark's Christology: Messianic Secret. Explains Jesus's instructions to conceal his identity. Paradoxical Messiah, did Mark end at 16:8? Suffering Messiah, resurrection narrative.
  • Matthew, Luke Christology
  • John's Gospel differs from the Synoptics in style, content, and theological emphasis. It is less about the history, and more about the deeper meaning

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