Theological Terms and Definitions
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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'justification' primarily refer to in a theological context?

  • The act of atonement
  • God declaring a penitent sinner righteous (correct)
  • The process of sanctification
  • The divine act of creation

    • What is the primary meaning of the Hebrew word 'qadash'?

  • Divine forgiveness
  • Holiness
  • Separated from common use (correct)
  • Sacrifice

    • What aspect does the Greek word 'hilasterion' primarily relate to?

  • Atonement/propitiation (correct)
  • A Christian virtue
  • The concept of sacrifice
  • The law of Moses

    • Which theory suggests that Jesus’ death serves as a substitute to repay humanity's debt to God?

    <p>The Satisfaction Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Moral Influence Theory view the impact of Jesus' death?

    <p>As demonstrating God's love for humanity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of good doctrine on religious experience?

    <p>It can have a positive effect on religious experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'atonement' signify in relation to sin?

    <p>Forgiveness of sin and reconciliation to God</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does theology seek to accomplish?

    <p>To create a logical organization of doctrines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is traditionally seen as the source of the Ransom Theory?

    <p>The early Church fathers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a presupposition in the context of theological study?

    <p>A basic assumption that guides one’s analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'incarnation' mean in relation to Jesus?

    <p>His embodiment as God in human form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the doctrine of revelation?

    <p>It focuses on God's self-revelation to humanity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Old Testament, faith is described primarily as:

    <p>An expression of certainty and assurance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'theopneustos' refer to in the context of inspiration?

    <p>God-breathed inspiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to dualism, what are the two ultimate principles?

    <p>Light and darkness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the study of anthropology in theology primarily focus on?

    <p>The doctrine of humanity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of 'hamartia' in relation to sin?

    <p>Missing the mark</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of Original Sin imply about the human race?

    <p>Every individual has become tainted with sin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consequence did the Fall have on Adam's perception of his relationship with God?

    <p>Fear of God due to their actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a description of sin?

    <p>Total submission to divine will</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'total depravity' suggest about humanity's condition?

    <p>All aspects of humanity are corrupted by sin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does sin result in alienation from God?

    <p>It establishes separation from a Holy God</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms is related to the concept of salvation in the Old Testament?

    <p>Yasa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'justification' fundamentally represent?

    <p>A legal declaration of righteousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these actions is NOT part of the experience of salvation?

    <p>Pride in accomplishments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the conscious act of disobeying God's law?

    <p>Adikia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key implication of spiritism according to the content?

    <p>The dead are truly dead and uncommunicable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of sin reflects the tendency to treat others unjustly?

    <p>Injustice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is equivalent to the Hebrew 'ruach' in the New Testament?

    <p>Pneuma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does monotheism state about the nature of God?

    <p>There is only one God who rules over everything.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following attributes describes God's omniscience?

    <p>God knows everything and is not ignorant of anything.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of polytheism?

    <p>Worship of many gods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'hermeneutics' refer to?

    <p>The task of interpreting the Bible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does providence describe in relation to God?

    <p>God's ongoing involvement and guidance in the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The belief in the Trinity describes God as appearing in which forms?

    <p>Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Apocrypha' refer to?

    <p>Books not considered part of the biblical canon by Protestants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Latin term 'Imago Dei' refers to what concept?

    <p>The image of God in humanity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does dualism assert about human existence?

    <p>The body and soul exist independently and are essentially different.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of God does 'transcendence' emphasize?

    <p>God's existence beyond and above creation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the Hebrew words for sin, meaning 'rebellion'?

    <p>Pesa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the biblical account of creation, what does 'ex nihilo' mean?

    <p>Creation out of nothing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept describes the idea that humans are complex unities?

    <p>Wholism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about deism is true?

    <p>Deism views God as having created the world but not intervening afterward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Theological Terms and Definitions

    • Doctrines: Express believers' experiences across ages and shape spiritual experience; beliefs about God affect relationships with God. Good doctrine positively impacts religious experience, while inadequate doctrine has a negative effect.

    • Presupposition: A fundamental assumption used in studying a topic.

    • Theology: Derived from Greek words "theos" (God) and "logos" (word), meaning "God's word." Also, the study of religious beliefs, methodically and logically.

    • Theological Topics: Include Revelation, God (Theology), Humanity (Anthropology), Salvation (Soteriology), the Church (Ecclesiology), Sin (Hamartology), and the Last Things (Eschatology).

    • Faith: In the Old Testament, faith means certainty and assurance, expressing conviction based on the reliability of beliefs, in the New Testament it has a relationship established by trust and trustworthiness.

    • Reason: Defined as a basis for belief, action, or event; justification or explanation of belief; mental abilities for conclusions, judgment, and inferences.

    • Revelation: God's self-revelation to humanity, where God initiates the process. It is an exploration of sources, means, content, and purpose of God's revelation.

    • Inspiration: From the Greek "theopneustos," meaning "God-breathed." (2 Tim 3:16)

    • Monism: Belief all reality is one, divine; salvation through self-realization.

    • Dualism: Two ultimate principles (light/darkness) in conflict; evil as powerful as good; no solution to suffering.

    • Monotheism: Belief in one God; early Israelites were Monotheists. A single divine being rules everything/everyone.

    • Polytheism: Belief in multiple gods.

    • Deism: God created the world but has no further involvement.

    • Pantheism: God is the power sustaining all reality but not separate from it; God reduced to a world function.

    • Theism: (Christianity's view) God is transcendent (above creation) and immanent (present in creation).

    • Providence: God's ongoing involvement, sustaining, guiding, and maintaining the world.

    • Trinity: Unifies God's revelation and identity; God appears as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.

    • Pneumatology: Study of the Holy Spirit.

    • Canon: (From Sumerian "reed") A body of sacred writings with highest authority for a religious community.

    • Old Testament: Written in Hebrew (some Aramaic) by ~30 people over ~1000 years; divided into Law, Prophets, and Writings; 39 books.

    • New Testament: Written in Koine Greek by ~8 people over 50-60 years; mainly Apostles and their associates; 27 books.

    • Apocrypha: Greek for "hidden" or "doubtful," books not considered part of the Protestant Bible Canon; ~15 documents from the last two centuries before Christ.

    • Septuagint & Vulgate: Greek and Latin translations of the Bible containing the Apocrypha

    • Hermeneutics: The art of interpreting the Bible.

    Attributes of God

    • Non-Communicable Attributes: God's unique perfections:

    • Omnipotence: All-powerful, surpassing human imagination and logic.

    • Omnipresence: Present everywhere at all times.

    • Omniscience: All-knowing.

    • Immutability: Unchangeable.

    • Transcendence: Above creation.

    • Immanence: Present in creation.

    • Communicable Attributes: God's shared attributes: allow humans to become "godly."

    Creation and Humanity

    • Creation: God's creation occurred via His Word (fiat), from nothing (ex nihilo). Some creation utilized existing matter.

    • Imago Dei: Latin for "image of God."

    • Humanity: Corporeal (physical), social, and sexual beings.

    Sin

    • Sin's Origin: A mystery—we know who sinned, but how sin began remains unknown.
    • Descriptions of Sin: (OT and NT Hebrew/Greek words)
    • Missing the mark (hata, hamartia).
    • Rebellion (pesa).
    • Iniquity, guilt (awon).
    • Wrongdoing, unrighteousness (adikia).
    • Original Sin: All humans are sinners, tainted by Adam's sin (influences human nature, not biological inheritance).
    • Post-Fall Adam (and Humanity):
    • Loss of innocence, fear of God, marred Imago Dei, animosity, and susceptibility to death (innocent infirmities and sinful tendencies).
    • Characteristics of Sin: Unbelief, pride, disobedience, rebellion, ingratitude, injustice

    Consequences of Sin

    • Condemnation: Sin alienates people from God, leading to death.
    • Corruption: Sin leads to decay and death.
    • Alienation: Sin separates humans from God.
    • Total Depravity: Human beings are incapable of saving themselves.
    • Slavery: Sin enslaves people.

    Human Nature

    • Human Composition: Unity of body and breath of life (not body and soul).

    • Living Soul (OT/NT): Nephesh chayyah in OT and psychē in NT, encompassing all living creatures; not exclusively human.

    • Spirit (OT/NT): Ruach (OT) and Pneuma (NT) referring to vitality, emotions, courage, and aspects of personality; not separate from the body.

    Spiritism

    • Spiritism: Belief in communicating with the dead; not possible if the dead are truly dead

    Salvation

    • God as Savior: Humans are lost and incapable of saving themselves

    • Salvation Experience: Includes repentance, confession, forgiveness, justification, sanctification, and glorification.

    • Salvation Types: (Hebrew and Greek words) Yasa emphasizes deliverance, sodzo and soteria in NT emphasize deliverance from sin, death, and Satan.

    Atonement

    • Atonement: Kippur/kapar (Hebrew) and hilasterion, hilaskomai/hilasmos (Greek) related to forgiveness, reconciliation, and sacrifice.
    • Atonemet Theories:
    • Ransom Theory: Christ's death as a ransom from the devil.
    • Satisfaction Theory: Christ's death satisfied God's honor and debt.
    • Moral Influence Theory: Christ's death portrays God's love, influencing human love.

    Justification and Sanctification

    • Justification: (Greek dikaioma, dikaiosis) God declares a repentant sinner righteous; legal term.
    • Sanctification: (Hebrew qadash, Greek hagiasmos) Separation from common use, creating holiness/consecration

    Jesus

    • Jesus' Incarnation: God in human flesh.

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    Explore key terms and definitions in theology, including doctrines, faith, and the study of religious beliefs. This quiz covers fundamental concepts that shape spiritual experience and theological understanding. Test your knowledge of essential theological topics and their significance in the faith journey.

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