Thematic Analysis with NVivo Software
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of NVivo software?

  • To create multimedia content for presentations
  • To analyze and visualize qualitative data (correct)
  • To perform quantitative analysis automatically
  • To streamline survey distribution processes

Which step in the thematic analysis using NVivo involves organizing data by themes?

  • Memo
  • Refine
  • Import
  • Code (correct)

Which of these tools is NOT part of NVivo's functionality as described?

  • Visualizing and mapping
  • Automating data collection (correct)
  • Annotating
  • Workspace for holding all data

What is one of the key steps following the 'Memo' stage in NVivo's thematic analysis process?

<p>Code (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To install NVivo, what must you first obtain?

<p>A license code from the provider (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is thematic analysis primarily used for?

<p>Identifying, analyzing, and reporting patterns within data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach is NOT commonly used in the identification of themes?

<p>Qualitative data triangulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of coding in thematic analysis?

<p>To capture and reduce data into meaningful patterns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes a theme in the context of thematic analysis?

<p>The main issues that emerge from data analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of effective coding?

<p>Codes should always be vague to allow flexibility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes probability sampling?

<p>Samples have a known probability between 0% and 100%. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In systematic sampling, how are cases selected?

<p>Every nth case is selected, starting from a specific point. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary benefit of a larger sample size in probability sampling?

<p>It improves the accuracy of the sample estimate. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which probability sampling method involves dividing the population into categories?

<p>Stratified/structured random sampling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does margin of error measure in sampling?

<p>The accuracy of the sample in representing the population. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cluster sampling based on?

<p>Randomly selected locations related to a variable. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when calculating sample size?

<p>The size of the universe being studied. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of simple random sampling?

<p>Selection is done in a structured order. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about larger sample sizes?

<p>Larger samples eliminate all chances of error. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario is stratified sampling most useful?

<p>When categories within the population are important. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first phase of thematic analysis?

<p>Familiarize yourself with the data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential pitfall in thematic analysis?

<p>Weak or unconvincing analysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature highlights the flexibility of thematic analysis?

<p>It is easy and quick to learn and apply (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In thematic analysis, reviewing potential themes is which phase?

<p>Phase 5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the working universe represent in the context of research sampling?

<p>Only those individuals that can be accessed for research. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does thematic analysis allow in terms of insights?

<p>Unanticipated insights (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of purposive sampling?

<p>It is a non-random method of sampling. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must align to avoid mismatches in thematic analysis?

<p>Theory and analytic claims (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT described as an advantage of thematic analysis?

<p>Complex data handling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the example research question regarding internet usage, who defines the general universe?

<p>All UK adults. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ability to summarize key features of large datasets is a characteristic of which analysis?

<p>Thematic analysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method described for selecting a sample from the working universe?

<p>Random sampling structured by class and age. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the general universe in research?

<p>The broader category from which a sample is drawn. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of data can be transformed into ordinal and nominal data?

<p>Ratio data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of continuous or ratio data?

<p>Height in centimeters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of degrees of freedom in determining p-values?

<p>They measure complexity and influence p-values (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statistical test is used to determine interactions between two categorical variables?

<p>Chi-squared test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when ratio data is categorized into ordinal data?

<p>Loss of information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason for conducting sampling in research?

<p>To gain a representative insight without examining every case. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a non-random sample?

<p>A sample drawn from a pre-defined criteria. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which consideration is NOT important when designing a sample?

<p>The characteristics of the sample that ensure it is non-representative. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor should guide the selection of the sample group in research?

<p>The alignment of the sample with the theory and hypothesis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are samples typically defined in research?

<p>Using criteria that may include theory, access, and practicability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of arts and cultural organizations was examined in the study regarding COVID-19 restrictions easing?

<p>Impact on mental health and well-being (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a theme identified in the study's findings?

<p>Increased online revenues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What methodological approach was used in this study for data analysis?

<p>Thematic analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many representatives were interviewed for the study?

<p>14 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a suggested reimagining focus for future arts practices mentioned in the conclusion?

<p>Arts in mental healthcare (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of purposive sampling?

<p>Samples where the probability of selecting an item is either 0%, 100%, or unknown. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of purposive sampling involves a limited range based on a single factor?

<p>Homogeneous sample (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which sampling method are categories related to each other?

<p>Structural sample (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a heterogeneous sample?

<p>Cases from different jobs in multiple towns. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a quota sample from a heterogeneous sample?

<p>A quota sample includes set numbers representing proportions in different categories. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario exemplifies probability sampling?

<p>Choosing every fourth worker from a list of all workers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of purposive sampling?

<p>Items may have undefined probabilities of selection. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a quota sample effectively?

<p>It represents various job types in proportion to their occurrence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using statistical tests in research?

<p>To determine if observed relationships are likely due to random chance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines categorical or nominal data?

<p>Data representing membership in distinct groups. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of ordinal data?

<p>It can be ranked but does not specify the distance between ranks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario is an example of categorical data?

<p>Types of social media platforms used. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about statistical results with a low chance of being random?

<p>The findings can generally be trusted. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

NVivo

Computer software for qualitative data analysis, especially for interviews and surveys.

Thematic Analysis

A method of analyzing textual data to identify recurring patterns, or themes, relating to a research topic.

Coding (NVivo)

Organizing data into categories (themes) in NVivo software.

Data Import (NVivo)

Uploading data (e.g., transcripts, documents) to start a qualitative analysis process.

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Memoing (NVivo)

Recording insights and observations during data analysis to generate themes.

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Theme

A main issue that emerges from analyzing data (e.g., interviews, focus groups).

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Coding

A process of generating phrases, sentences, or keywords from research data to find patterns.

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Code

A phrase, sentence, or keyword that summarizes participant's statements in research.

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Thematic Analysis Types

Thematic analysis can be inductive (from the data) or deductive (from existing theories).

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Probability Sampling

Sampling in which each case has a known chance of being selected.

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Simple Random Sampling

Every case in the population has an equal chance of being selected.

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Systematic Sampling

Selecting every nth case, starting with a random one.

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Stratified Sampling

Population divided into categories; random selection from each.

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Cluster Sampling

Selecting cases from randomly chosen groups/areas.

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Margin of Error

How accurately a sample reflects the total population.

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Sample Size

Number of cases in a sample.

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Confidence Level

Certainty that a result fits within the margin of error.

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Population Proportion

Percentage of a population that fits a given characteristic.

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Sample Size Calculation

Finding appropriate sample size using factors like population size and desired accuracy.

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Thematic Analysis Pitfall

Issues in thematic analysis that can weaken the analysis or lead to inaccurate conclusions.

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Data Analysis in Thematic Analysis

Extracts illustrating points, supporting analysis, and illuminating data meaning.

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Theme Overlap

When themes in thematic analysis have overlapping elements or boundaries that make them unclear

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Inconsistent Themes

Themes in thematic analysis that lack internal consistency or coherence.

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Data-Claim Mismatch

Analysis in thematic study that doesn't correctly align with the evidence.

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Theory-Analysis Mismatch

Problems in thematic analysis where the theory and analysis don't fit together.

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Theoretical Assumptions

The researcher's underlying beliefs or ideas that guide the study's purpose.

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Continuous Data

A type of data that involves actual measurements and can be represented by real numbers, allowing for mathematical operations like addition and multiplication.

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Ratio Data

A type of data that is similar to Continuous data, but emphasizes the importance of a true zero point, allowing for meaningful ratios between values.

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Transforming Data

Converting one type of data to another, often involving a loss of information. For example, converting continuous data into categories.

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p-value

A statistical measure used to assess the strength of evidence against a null hypothesis. A low p-value suggests that the observed results are unlikely to occur by chance.

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Chi-squared test (χ²)

A statistical test used to determine if there's a relationship between two categorical variables.

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What is NVivo?

NVivo is a software program used for analyzing qualitative data, particularly useful for analyzing interviews and surveys.

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How is NVivo used?

NVivo helps researchers organize data into categories called 'codes,' which are then grouped into themes to identify patterns and insights within research material.

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How to access NVivo?

University of Liverpool students can access NVivo through the Managed Windows Service (MWS) or download a personal copy with the University's license code.

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What is 'Thematic Analysis'?

Thematic analysis is a method of analyzing qualitative data, where researchers identify recurring patterns, or 'themes,' within the data to understand the main concepts.

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Sampling

A method of selecting cases from a larger group to study, aiming for representation.

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Random Sample

Each case in the population has an equal chance of being selected.

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Non-random Sample

Selected cases based on specific criteria, not random chance.

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Working Universe

The group of people, organizations, etc., that you actually can access and study.

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Why Sample?

Sampling allows researchers to study a smaller group that represents the larger population, making it easier and more efficient to gather data.

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General Universe

The entire group of individuals or items relevant to your research question. It encompasses all possible cases.

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Purposive Sampling

A sampling method where researchers deliberately select specific cases based on their characteristics or expertise, rather than using random selection.

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Categorical Data

Data representing groups or categories without any inherent order. It's about belonging to a specific group, like 'Cat' or 'Dog', or 'Uses TikTok' or 'Does not use TikTok'.

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Ordinal Data

Data where groups have an order, but the differences between them are not measurable. It's like a Likert scale where 'Strongly agree' is greater than 'Agree', but we don't know how much greater.

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What are the main types of data used in statistics?

The three main types of data used in statistics are categorical, ordinal, and continuous. Categorical data represents groups without order. Ordinal data represents ordered groups with unknown differences. Continuous data represents measurable values.

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Why do we use statistics?

Statistics help us understand if patterns in data are real or just due to chance. Statistical tests help us determine if the relationships we observe are likely to be meaningful or simply random occurrences.

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What is the purpose of statistical tests?

Statistical tests are like tools to see if the relationships we see in data are 'real' or just a fluke. They measure how likely it is that the observed differences are due to random chance.

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Homogeneous Sample

A sample where all participants share a specific characteristic.

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Structural Sample

A sample where participants are chosen from different categories that are related to each other.

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Heterogeneous Sample

A sample where participants represent a wide range of characteristics.

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Quota Sample

A sample that represents different groups proportionally, like a heterogeneous sample, but with specific numbers for each group.

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Study Notes

Using NVivo for Thematic Analysis

  • NVivo is a computer-assisted qualitative analysis software (CAQDAS)
  • It can be used to analyze interview transcripts, open-ended survey responses, media content, video, audio, web content
  • NVivo tools:
    • workspace for holding all data
    • coding
    • annotating
    • visualizing and mapping
  • NOTE: Software can support analysis but does not do the analysis for you

NVivo - Where to Find NVivo

  • NVivo is qualitative analysis software
  • How: NVivo is available on the Managed Windows Service (MWS), if you require a personal copy for your own computer, you are entitled to download it from the provider and use the University of Liverpool license code.
  • Where: To install the software, please follow the two-stage process:
    1. Obtain the software through the links below, depending on your device
      • NVivo 12 for Windows 64-bit
      • NVivo 12 for Windows 32-bit
      • NVivo 12 for Mac
    2. License the software (login with your MWS username and password)

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Test your knowledge of thematic analysis and the functionalities of NVivo software. This quiz covers key steps, coding techniques, and sampling methods associated with thematic analysis. Perfect for students and professionals looking to deepen their understanding of qualitative research tools.

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