The West (1865-1900) History Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What was the key promise made by the government to Plains Indians in the period after the Civil War?

  • Land ownership in perpetuity
  • Free passage to Canada
  • Protection from other tribes
  • To be left alone and provided with supplies (correct)

    • Which of the following Native American chiefs is known for his resistance to being confined to a reservation?

  • Chief Joseph
  • Sitting Bull
  • Geronimo (correct)
  • All of the above

    • What is the main idea behind Chief Joseph's statement about the horse and the Indian?

  • Horses are more important than land
  • Indians should be allowed to roam freely
  • Freedom is essential for human growth and well-being (correct)
  • Indians need horses to survive

    • Which tribe is Chief Joseph best known for leading?

    <p>Nez Perce (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main goal of the Dawes Severalty Act?

    <p>To promote assimilation of Native Americans into mainstream society (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a consequence of the Dawes Severalty Act as described in the text?

    <p>The immediate grant of U.S. citizenship to all Native Americans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main message conveyed in "A Century of Dishonor" by Helen Hunt Jackson?

    <p>The abuse and broken promises of the government towards Native Americans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened to Plains Indians after the Civil War?

    <p>They were forced into reservations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these factors contributed to the development of the West in the 19th century?

    <p>The Homestead Act of 1862, which encouraged westward settlement by offering free land to those who would cultivate it. (A), The discovery of mineral resources like gold and silver, which sparked mining booms and attracted prospectors. (B), The construction of railroads, which facilitated transportation and trade between the East and West. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ‘Helldorados’ mentioned in the text were:

    <p>Boomtowns that emerged due to mining discoveries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason for the long cattle drives across the Great Plains?

    <p>To transport cattle from Texas to Eastern markets where demand was high. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these was a major challenge faced by cowboys during the long drives?

    <p>Harsh weather conditions and the lack of sufficient grazing land. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Homestead Act of 1862 impact the development of agriculture in the West?

    <p>It facilitated the rapid filling of empty spaces and encouraged the growth of small family farms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these was a challenge farmers faced in the West?

    <p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the ‘sooners’ and ‘boomers’ mentioned in the text?

    <p>They were groups of settlers who illegally claimed land in Oklahoma before it was officially opened for settlement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main reason for the ‘silver issue’ becoming a divisive topic in American politics?

    <p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately reflects the dynamic of battles on the plains between Native Americans and white settlers?

    <p>Both sides engaged in equally cruel acts, but white narratives often portrayed their own actions as justified while demonizing Native American resistance. (A), The term 'battle' was used to describe white victories, while 'massacre' was used to describe Native American victories, reflecting a bias in how the events were documented. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The quote "kill the indian; save the man" reflects which of the following attitudes toward Native Americans during the 19th century?

    <p>The belief that Native Americans were primitive and needed to be civilized through assimilation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Farmers' Alliance?

    <p>To break the hold of railroads and manufacturers by engaging in cooperative buying and selling. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the Populist movement experience limited success in the South?

    <p>The Populist movement was primarily focused on the needs of white farmers, neglecting the interests of Black farmers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors contributed to the Plains Indians' forced surrender?

    <p>The decline of buffalo herds, a vital source of sustenance for the Plains Indians, left them vulnerable and weakened. (A), The development of the railroad allowed for easy transport of troops and settlers, increasing pressure on Native American lands. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Humanitarianism

    An ideology promoting human welfare, often disregarding native cultures in the process.

    Custer’s Last Stand

    The Battle of Little Bighorn where General Custer's forces were defeated by Native warriors.

    Battle vs. Massacre

    ‘Battle’ signifies white victories while ‘massacre’ denotes native victories.

    Grange Movement

    An initiative aimed to improve farmers' social lives, later addressing economic issues.

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    The Populists

    A political movement in the 1890s advocating for farmers and workers' rights; experienced limited success due to racial divisions.

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    Supporters of Nationalization

    Frustrated farmers and industrialists pushing for control of railroads, telephones, and telegraphs by the government.

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    Graduated Income Tax

    A tax system where higher incomes pay a larger percentage in taxes, aimed to alleviate financial burdens on farmers and workers.

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    Mining Boom and Statehood

    Discovery of gold, such as the Comstock Lode, led to rapid population growth and statehood for territories.

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    Helldorados

    Lawless boomtowns that emerged due to mining, often becoming ghost towns after wealth diminished.

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    Long Drives in Ranching

    Cattle drives from Texas to railroad depots in Kansas, enabling cattle transportation to markets.

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    Homestead Act (1862)

    An act providing 160 acres of land to settlers for a small fee, promoting western expansion and farming.

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    Bonanza Farms

    Large mechanized farms over 15,000 acres that outcompeted smaller farmers in the late 19th century.

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    Oklahoma Land Rush

    The 1889 settlement of Oklahoma, where 'sooners' claimed land at the start of the rush.

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    Chief Joseph

    Leader of the Nez Perce who fled to Canada but was forced back to reservations.

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    Sitting Bull

    Sioux chief and medicine man during the Custer massacre.

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    Geronimo

    Apache chief who resisted confinement to reservations by raiding settlers.

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    Dawes Severalty Act

    1887 act aimed at assimilating Native Americans by dissolving tribes and promoting individual land ownership.

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    A Century of Dishonor

    1881 book by Helen Hunt Jackson documenting government abuses towards Native Americans.

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    Broken Promises

    Government agreements with Native Americans that were not honored.

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    Plains Indians' Surrender

    Plains Indians surrendered their land with a promise of being left alone after the Civil War.

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    Equal Rights

    The belief that all people should have the same rights and opportunities.

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    Study Notes

    The West (1865-1900)

    • The period from 1865 to 1900 saw significant westward expansion and development in the United States.
    • Native American resistance to government policies and westward expansion was a key aspect of the era.
    • Conflicts between Native Americans and the U.S. government included broken promises, forced removals, and massacres.
    • The Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 aimed to assimilate Native Americans by dissolving tribes and promoting individual land ownership.
    • Key battles on the plains during this period included Custer's Last Stand, the Battle of Little Bighorn, and the Battle of Wounded Knee, illustrating the violent conflicts.
    • The near-extermination of the buffalo contributed to the decline of Plains Indian cultures and societies owing to its importance in their traditions and economy.
    • The construction of railroads significantly facilitated westward expansion, also contributing to the westward movement of settlers.
    • The railroad facilitated the transport of goods and people, fueling the growth of towns and industries.
    • The Homestead Act of 1862 offered land to settlers for a small fee in order to populate the newly acquired western territories.
    • This act encouraged migration westward, contributing to the development of agriculture on the plains.
    • The mining industry, spurred by the discovery of gold and other minerals (comstock lode), spurred rapid development in the west, especially in Colorado, Nevada and other territories.
    • Boomtowns grew rapidly on the western frontier.
    • "Helldorados" were often characterized by lawlessness and disorder.
    • The establishment of ranching played a crucial role in the development of the west.
    • Long cattle drives from Texas to Kansas were a significant aspect of the industry.
    • The growth of the meat industry was tied to the growth in railroads, and the rising demand for meat in Eastern markets drove this industry.
    • Agricultural practices on the plains also changed with new farming techniques, and the emergence of larger scale farms that led to smaller farms going out of business, and new methods to manage water resources from federally funded projects.
    • Farmers' alliances and the Grange Movement were crucial in uniting farmers to address common issues, like railroad rates and access to credit.
    • These groups, as well as the Populist movement, advocated for reforms for farmers, helping to establish early examples of farmer advocacy.
    • Key political factions, such as the Populist Party, emerged during the time period seeking greater equality in the economy, or for debtors and farmers.

    Important Figures/Groups

    • Chief Joseph (Nez Perce)
    • Sitting Bull (Sioux)
    • Geronimo (Apache)

    Important Acts/Events

    • Dawes Severalty Act (1887)
    • Homestead Act (1862)
    • Custer's Last Stand
    • Battle of Little Bighorn
    • Battle of Wounded Knee
    • Long Drives (cattle drives)

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    Lecture: The West (1865-1900) PDF

    Description

    Explore the significant events and themes of westward expansion in the United States from 1865 to 1900. This quiz covers Native American resistance, key conflicts, and the impact of government policies like the Dawes Act. Test your knowledge on important battles and the role of railroads during this transformative era.

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