The Voyages of Zheng He in Ming China

European Maps and Chinese Perception

• Chinese were puzzled by European maps because they depicted a world where China was not at the center, conflicting with their worldview.
• The Chinese traditionally viewed their country as the focal point of the universe, a belief deeply rooted in their cultural and philosophical upbringing.

Chinese Cosmology

• Chinese perspective of the heavens often included the concept of an ordered universe, where the Earth and sky were interconnected and represented in their own cosmology.
• This belief led to a geographical and philosophical perception that affirmed China's superiority and centrality.

Matteo Ricci's Description

• Matteo Ricci was a Jesuit missionary recognized for his efforts in cultural exchange between Europe and China.
• He was characterized by his deep understanding of Chinese culture and language, as well as his proficiency in presenting Western ideas in a manner relatable to the Chinese.

Addressing Chinese Centrality

• Ricci sought to address the Chinese belief in their geographical centrality by providing new world maps that challenged existing notions.
• He emphasized the concept of a larger world, utilizing maps and celestial globes, which gradually introduced the Chinese to a more global perspective, recognizing other countries and continents beyond China.