The Ultimate Polygraph Test Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the method of detecting deception in Ancient China that required suspects to chew dry rice powder?

  • Starch assessment
  • Rice chewing examination
  • Mouthful trial
  • Oral inspection (correct)

    • Who is credited with developing the first polygraph test?

  • John Larson (correct)
  • James Frye
  • Hugo Munsterberg
  • Joseph Keeler

    • Which of the following is not measured by the polygraph test?

  • Respiration
  • Cardiovascular activity
  • Muscle tension
  • Pupil dilation (correct)

    • What is the name of the device primarily used by the police to detect deceit that measures an individual’s autonomic nervous system responses?

    <p>A systolic blood pressure gauge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of test is used to uncover information about an offender's past behavior?

    <p>Polygraph disclosure test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is prohibited from using the polygraph to screen or test employees?

    <p>Private management companies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of questions are included in a comparison question test?

    <p>Neutral, relevant, and comparison questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many steps are involved in conducting a polygraph exam with a suspect of a crime?

    <p>Six steps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of question is 'Before the age of 45, did you ever take anything of value that did not belong to you?'

    <p>Probable lie comparison question</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of question is 'On June 12, did you rob that bank in Winnipeg?'

    <p>Relevant question</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of questions are guilty suspects assumed to react more to in a polygraph exam?

    <p>Relevant questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do most polygraph examiners measure physiological responses to when using the Comparison Question Test (CQT)?

    <p>Relevant and comparison questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concealed information test designed to determine?

    <p>If the person knows details about a crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a criticism of the Concealed Information Test?

    <p>It will only work if the suspect remembers the details of the crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When falsely accused, what is the preferred polygraph test to use?

    <p>Concealed Information Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is more effective at detecting guilty suspects?

    <p>Comparison Question Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physical countermeasure was used by Freya to deceive the polygraph test?

    <p>Biting her tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique is vulnerable to falsely classifying guilty suspects as innocent and innocent suspects as guilty?

    <p>Concealed Information Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Supreme Court of Canada rule in R. v. Beland regarding polygraph evidence?

    <p>Polygraph evidence should not be admitted in court to help determine truthfulness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event-related potential occurs in response to significant stimuli that occur infrequently?

    <p>P300</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a brain-based lie-detection approach?

    <p>To measure deception instead of emotional arousal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Patrick and Iacono find regarding original polygraph examiners?

    <p>They are often influenced by extra-polygraph cues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do most knowledgeable scientists believe about the accuracy of the Comparison Question Test?

    <p>They have negative beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is not used as a method of detecting deception?

    <p>Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do most field studies of polygraph accuracy use to establish guilt or innocence?

    <p>Confessions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ERPs in lie-detection?

    <p>Measure changes in electrical patterns related to presentation of a stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Mila use as a mental countermeasure to deceive the polygraph test?

    <p>Counting backward by 7 from a number greater than 200</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What non-verbal cue was found to not be consistently indicative of deception in the study?

    <p>Gaze aversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was recommended to be paid attention to during interrogations, according to the research by Matsumoto, Hwang, Skinner, and Frank?

    <p>Micro facial expressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was found to be the verbal indicator most strongly associated with deception?

    <p>Voice pitch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the average accurate rate for detecting deception by professional lie catchers, according to the meta-analysis by Aamodt and Custer?

    <p>Around 55%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were found to be less accurate at detecting low-stakes lies compared to high-stakes lies?

    <p>Police officers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the study find to be the most common stereotype about liars?

    <p>They avoid eye contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the study find to be myths for detecting deception?

    <p>Liars fidgeting more than truth-tellers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the research by Matsumoto, Hwang, Skinner, and Frank recommend paying attention to during interrogations?

    <p>Micro facial expressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was found to depend more on the liar than the judge?

    <p>Deception judgments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were truth-tellers found to be less likely to do, contrary to popular belief?

    <p>Change their stories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were police officers found to be less accurate at detecting?

    <p>Low-stakes lies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was found to be the most strongly associated verbal indicator with deception?

    <p>Voice pitch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the opposite of malingering?

    <p>Defensiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model proposed by Richard Roger assumes that people are motivated to malinger because of an underlying mental disorder?

    <p>Pathogenic model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common research design used to study malingering?

    <p>Simulation design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a study of malingering that uses a group of people with the mental disorder and malingers the symptoms?

    <p>Clinical experimental group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'lie bias' refer to?

    <p>Tendency to judge more messages as truthful than deceptive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is factitious disorder characterized by?

    <p>Intentionally produced or falsified symptoms in the absence of obvious external rewards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Munchausen syndrome by proxy involve?

    <p>Intentionally producing an illness in a child</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of malingering?

    <p>Intentional symptoms and external incentive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of malingering that has the mental disorder being studied but does not attempt to malinger symptoms?

    <p>Clinical control group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does factitious disorder consist of?

    <p>Intentionally produced or falsified symptoms in the absence of obvious external rewards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a study of malingering that uses a group of people who do not have the mental disorder being studied and malingers the symptoms?

    <p>Non-clinical experimental group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does defensiveness involve?

    <p>Conscious denial or extreme minimization of physical or psychological symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the device used primarily by the police to detect deceit that measures an individual’s autonomic nervous system responses?

    <p>A systolic blood pressure gauge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique is vulnerable to falsely classifying guilty suspects as innocent and innocent suspects as guilty?

    <p>Comparison Question Test (CQT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the method of detecting deception in Ancient China that required suspects to chew dry rice powder?

    <p>Chewing a piece of bread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Supreme Court of Canada rule in R. v. Beland regarding polygraph evidence?

    <p>Inadmissible as evidence in court</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the opposite of malingering?

    <p>Defensiveness, which involves conscious denial or extreme minimization of symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common research design used to study malingering?

    <p>Simulation design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a study of malingering that uses a group of people who do not have the mental disorder being studied and malingers the symptoms?

    <p>Non-clinical experimental group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who provided three explanatory models of malingering, with the pathogenic model assuming that people are motivated to malinger because of an underlying mental disorder?

    <p>Richard Roger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does factitious disorder consist of?

    <p>Intentionally produced or falsified symptoms in the absence of obvious external rewards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Munchausen syndrome by proxy?

    <p>A rare factitious disorder in which a person intentionally produces an illness in their child</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a study of malingering that has the mental disorder being studied but does not attempt to malinger symptoms?

    <p>Clinical control group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the tendency to judge more messages as truthful than deceptive?

    <p>Lie bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for intentionally produced or falsified symptoms in the absence of obvious external rewards?

    <p>Factitious disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the pathogenic model assume about people's motivation to malinger?

    <p>They are motivated because of an underlying mental disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a rare factitious disorder in which a person intentionally produces an illness in their child?

    <p>Munchausen syndrome by proxy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the conscious denial or extreme minimization of physical or psychological symptoms?

    <p>Defensiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Concealed Information Test (CIT)?

    <p>To measure physiological responses to specific details</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Supreme Court of Canada rule in R. v. Beland regarding polygraph evidence?

    <p>It should not be admitted in court to help determine truthfulness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the event-related potential known as P300 associated with?

    <p>Response to significant stimuli that occur infrequently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appeal of using a brain-based lie-detection approach?

    <p>Measuring deception instead of emotional arousal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of ERPs (event-related potentials) in lie-detection?

    <p>Measuring specific physiological responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Comparison Question Test (CQT)?

    <p>To measure emotional arousal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the technique not used as a method of detecting deception?

    <p>The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Freya use as a physical countermeasure to deceive the polygraph test?

    <p>Biting her tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the negative beliefs of most knowledgeable scientists about the accuracy of the Comparison Question Test (CQT)?

    <p>Influence of extra-polygraph cues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the Comparison Question Test (CQT) in detecting deception?

    <p>Measuring specific physiological responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary vulnerability of the Concealed Information Test (CIT) in detecting deception?

    <p>Falsely classifying innocent suspects as guilty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using a mental countermeasure like counting backward by 7 from a number greater than 200?

    <p>To deceive the polygraph test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is prohibited from using the polygraph to screen or test employees?

    <p>Private management companies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of questions are included in a comparison question test?

    <p>Neutral, relevant, and comparison questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of malingering?

    <p>Intentional deception for personal gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a criticism of the Concealed Information Test?

    <p>It will only work if the suspect remembers the details of the crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do most polygraph examiners measure physiological responses to when using the Comparison Question Test (CQT)?

    <p>Relevant and comparison questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of test is used to uncover information about an offender's past behavior?

    <p>Polygraph disclosure test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a study of malingering that uses a group of people who do not have the mental disorder being studied and malingers the symptoms?

    <p>Simulated malingering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the method of detecting deception in Ancient China that required suspects to chew dry rice powder?

    <p>The rice powder test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is factitious disorder characterized by?

    <p>Intentional production of physical or psychological symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were police officers found to be less accurate at detecting?

    <p>Low-stakes lies compared to high-stakes lies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the opposite of malingering?

    <p>Truth-telling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If falsely accused, what is the preferred polygraph test to use?

    <p>Concealed Information Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What non-verbal cues were used as expert evidence in the study by McCabe, Castel, and Rhodes?

    <p>Facial temperature, blood pressure, and averted gaze</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was recommended to be paid attention to during interrogations, according to the research by Matsumoto, Hwang, Skinner, and Frank?

    <p>Micro facial expressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was found to be the most common stereotype about liars?

    <p>They avoid eye contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was found to be the verbal indicator most strongly associated with deception?

    <p>Voice pitch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the study by McCabe, Castel, and Rhodes find about smiling, gaze aversion, self-manipulations, and blinking as indicators of deception?

    <p>They were not consistently indicative of deception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the meta-analysis by Aamodt and Custer find about the average accurate rate for detecting deception by professional lie catchers?

    <p>Around 55%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the study find about deception judgments?

    <p>They depend more on the liar than the judge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were truth-tellers found to be less likely to do, contrary to popular belief?

    <p>Change their stories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the study find to be myths for detecting deception?

    <p>Avoidance of eye contact, deception detection being easy, and liars fidgeting more than truth-tellers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were police officers found to be less accurate at detecting?

    <p>Low-stakes lies compared to high-stakes lies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the research by Matsumoto, Hwang, Skinner, and Frank recommend paying attention to during interrogations?

    <p>Micro facial expressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of evidence led to the highest percentage of guilty verdicts in the study by McCabe, Castel, and Rhodes?

    <p>Expert testimony about increased activation of the frontal brain areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Polygraph Test Accuracy and Alternatives

    • Patrick and Iacono found that original polygraph examiners are often influenced by extra-polygraph cues.
    • Most field studies of polygraph accuracy have used confessions to establish guilt or innocence.
    • The Comparison Question Test is more effective at detecting guilty suspects, while the Concealed Information Test is more effective at detecting innocent suspects.
    • The Concealed Information Test is vulnerable to falsely classifying guilty suspects as innocent and falsely classifying innocent suspects as guilty.
    • Freya used a physical countermeasure by biting her tongue, while Mila used a mental countermeasure by counting backward by 7 from a number greater than 200.
    • Most knowledgeable scientists have negative beliefs, and the general public has positive beliefs about the accuracy of the Comparison Question Test.
    • Polygraph evidence is never admissible in Canadian criminal courts of law.
    • The Supreme Court of Canada ruled in R. v. Beland that polygraph evidence should not be admitted in court to help determine truthfulness.
    • The technique not used as a method of detecting deception is the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT).
    • ERPs measure changes in electrical patterns related to presentation of a stimulus by placing electrodes on the scalp.
    • The event-related potential known as P300 occurs in response to significant stimuli that occur infrequently.
    • The appeal of using a brain-based lie-detection approach is that researchers hope it measures deception instead of emotional arousal.

    Deception and Malingering: Key Concepts

    • Lie bias refers to the tendency to judge more messages as truthful than deceptive.
    • Training programs for professionals should focus on teaching both deception cues and truthfulness cues to counteract lie biases.
    • Factitious disorder consists of intentionally produced or falsified symptoms in the absence of obvious external rewards.
    • Munchausen syndrome by proxy is a rare factitious disorder in which a person intentionally produces an illness in their child.
    • Malingering involves intentional symptoms and external incentive.
    • The opposite of malingering is called defensiveness, which involves the conscious denial or extreme minimization of physical or psychological symptoms.
    • Richard Roger provided three explanatory models of malingering, with the pathogenic model assuming that people are motivated to malinger because of an underlying mental disorder.
    • In Richard Roger’s criminological model of malingering, people are assumed to be motivated to malinger because of an underlying mental disorder.
    • The most common research design used to study malingering is the simulation design.
    • A study of malingering that uses a group of people with the mental disorder and malingers the symptoms is known as the clinical experimental group.
    • A study of malingering that has the mental disorder being studied but does not attempt to malinger symptoms is known as the clinical control group.
    • A study of malingering that uses a group of people who do not have the mental disorder being studied and malingers the symptoms is known as the non-clinical experimental group.

    Deception Detection and Expert Testimony Study Summary

    • McCabe, Castel, and Rhodes (2011) conducted a study on the influence of expert evidence on verdicts in a mock juror trial.
    • An expert testified about increased activation of the frontal brain areas when the defendant denied killing his wife and her lover, leading to the highest percentage of guilty verdicts.
    • Different non-verbal cues, such as increased facial temperature, blood pressure, and averted gaze, were used as expert evidence in the study.
    • The study found that smiling, gaze aversion, self-manipulations, and blinking were not consistently indicative of deception.
    • The most common stereotype about liars was that they avoid eye contact.
    • Avoidance of eye contact, deception detection being easy, and liars fidgeting more than truth-tellers were listed as myths for detecting deception.
    • Research by Matsumoto, Hwang, Skinner, and Frank (2011) recommended paying attention to micro facial expressions during interrogations.
    • Voice pitch was found to be the verbal indicator most strongly associated with deception.
    • Deception judgments were found to depend more on the liar than the judge.
    • Truth-tellers were found to be less likely to change their stories, contrary to popular belief.
    • A meta-analysis by Aamodt and Custer (2006) found that the average accurate rate for detecting deception by professional lie catchers was around 55%.
    • Police officers were found to be less accurate at detecting low-stakes lies compared to high-stakes lies.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on polygraph test accuracy, alternatives, deception, and malingering with this quiz. Explore key concepts and research findings related to lie detection, factitious disorders, malingering, and more.

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