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Questions and Answers
What is the term for the method of detecting deception in Ancient China that required suspects to chew dry rice powder?
Who is credited with developing the first polygraph test?
Which of the following is not measured by the polygraph test?
What is the name of the device primarily used by the police to detect deceit that measures an individual’s autonomic nervous system responses?
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What type of test is used to uncover information about an offender's past behavior?
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Who is prohibited from using the polygraph to screen or test employees?
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What type of questions are included in a comparison question test?
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How many steps are involved in conducting a polygraph exam with a suspect of a crime?
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What type of question is 'Before the age of 45, did you ever take anything of value that did not belong to you?'
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What type of question is 'On June 12, did you rob that bank in Winnipeg?'
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Which type of questions are guilty suspects assumed to react more to in a polygraph exam?
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What do most polygraph examiners measure physiological responses to when using the Comparison Question Test (CQT)?
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What is the concealed information test designed to determine?
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What is a criticism of the Concealed Information Test?
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When falsely accused, what is the preferred polygraph test to use?
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Which test is more effective at detecting guilty suspects?
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What physical countermeasure was used by Freya to deceive the polygraph test?
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What technique is vulnerable to falsely classifying guilty suspects as innocent and innocent suspects as guilty?
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What did the Supreme Court of Canada rule in R. v. Beland regarding polygraph evidence?
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What event-related potential occurs in response to significant stimuli that occur infrequently?
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What is the purpose of using a brain-based lie-detection approach?
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What did Patrick and Iacono find regarding original polygraph examiners?
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What do most knowledgeable scientists believe about the accuracy of the Comparison Question Test?
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What method is not used as a method of detecting deception?
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What do most field studies of polygraph accuracy use to establish guilt or innocence?
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What is the purpose of ERPs in lie-detection?
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What did Mila use as a mental countermeasure to deceive the polygraph test?
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What non-verbal cue was found to not be consistently indicative of deception in the study?
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What was recommended to be paid attention to during interrogations, according to the research by Matsumoto, Hwang, Skinner, and Frank?
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What was found to be the verbal indicator most strongly associated with deception?
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What was the average accurate rate for detecting deception by professional lie catchers, according to the meta-analysis by Aamodt and Custer?
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Who were found to be less accurate at detecting low-stakes lies compared to high-stakes lies?
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What did the study find to be the most common stereotype about liars?
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What did the study find to be myths for detecting deception?
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What did the research by Matsumoto, Hwang, Skinner, and Frank recommend paying attention to during interrogations?
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What was found to depend more on the liar than the judge?
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What were truth-tellers found to be less likely to do, contrary to popular belief?
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What were police officers found to be less accurate at detecting?
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What was found to be the most strongly associated verbal indicator with deception?
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What is the opposite of malingering?
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Which model proposed by Richard Roger assumes that people are motivated to malinger because of an underlying mental disorder?
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What is the most common research design used to study malingering?
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What is the term for a study of malingering that uses a group of people with the mental disorder and malingers the symptoms?
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What does the term 'lie bias' refer to?
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What is factitious disorder characterized by?
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What does Munchausen syndrome by proxy involve?
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What is the primary characteristic of malingering?
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What is the term for the study of malingering that has the mental disorder being studied but does not attempt to malinger symptoms?
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What does factitious disorder consist of?
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What is the term for a study of malingering that uses a group of people who do not have the mental disorder being studied and malingers the symptoms?
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What does defensiveness involve?
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What is the name of the device used primarily by the police to detect deceit that measures an individual’s autonomic nervous system responses?
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What technique is vulnerable to falsely classifying guilty suspects as innocent and innocent suspects as guilty?
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What is the term for the method of detecting deception in Ancient China that required suspects to chew dry rice powder?
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What did the Supreme Court of Canada rule in R. v. Beland regarding polygraph evidence?
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What is the opposite of malingering?
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What is the most common research design used to study malingering?
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What is the term for a study of malingering that uses a group of people who do not have the mental disorder being studied and malingers the symptoms?
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Who provided three explanatory models of malingering, with the pathogenic model assuming that people are motivated to malinger because of an underlying mental disorder?
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What does factitious disorder consist of?
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What is Munchausen syndrome by proxy?
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What is the term for a study of malingering that has the mental disorder being studied but does not attempt to malinger symptoms?
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What is the term for the tendency to judge more messages as truthful than deceptive?
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What is the term for intentionally produced or falsified symptoms in the absence of obvious external rewards?
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What does the pathogenic model assume about people's motivation to malinger?
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What is the term for a rare factitious disorder in which a person intentionally produces an illness in their child?
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What is the term for the conscious denial or extreme minimization of physical or psychological symptoms?
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What is the primary purpose of the Concealed Information Test (CIT)?
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What did the Supreme Court of Canada rule in R. v. Beland regarding polygraph evidence?
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What is the event-related potential known as P300 associated with?
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What is the appeal of using a brain-based lie-detection approach?
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What is the primary characteristic of ERPs (event-related potentials) in lie-detection?
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What is the primary purpose of the Comparison Question Test (CQT)?
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What is the technique not used as a method of detecting deception?
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What did Freya use as a physical countermeasure to deceive the polygraph test?
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What is the primary reason for the negative beliefs of most knowledgeable scientists about the accuracy of the Comparison Question Test (CQT)?
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What is the primary characteristic of the Comparison Question Test (CQT) in detecting deception?
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What is the primary vulnerability of the Concealed Information Test (CIT) in detecting deception?
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What is the primary purpose of using a mental countermeasure like counting backward by 7 from a number greater than 200?
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Who is prohibited from using the polygraph to screen or test employees?
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What type of questions are included in a comparison question test?
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What is the primary characteristic of malingering?
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What is a criticism of the Concealed Information Test?
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What do most polygraph examiners measure physiological responses to when using the Comparison Question Test (CQT)?
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What type of test is used to uncover information about an offender's past behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for a study of malingering that uses a group of people who do not have the mental disorder being studied and malingers the symptoms?
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What is the term for the method of detecting deception in Ancient China that required suspects to chew dry rice powder?
Signup and view all the answers
What is factitious disorder characterized by?
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What were police officers found to be less accurate at detecting?
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What is the opposite of malingering?
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If falsely accused, what is the preferred polygraph test to use?
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What non-verbal cues were used as expert evidence in the study by McCabe, Castel, and Rhodes?
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What was recommended to be paid attention to during interrogations, according to the research by Matsumoto, Hwang, Skinner, and Frank?
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What was found to be the most common stereotype about liars?
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What was found to be the verbal indicator most strongly associated with deception?
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What did the study by McCabe, Castel, and Rhodes find about smiling, gaze aversion, self-manipulations, and blinking as indicators of deception?
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What did the meta-analysis by Aamodt and Custer find about the average accurate rate for detecting deception by professional lie catchers?
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What did the study find about deception judgments?
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What were truth-tellers found to be less likely to do, contrary to popular belief?
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What did the study find to be myths for detecting deception?
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What were police officers found to be less accurate at detecting?
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What did the research by Matsumoto, Hwang, Skinner, and Frank recommend paying attention to during interrogations?
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What type of evidence led to the highest percentage of guilty verdicts in the study by McCabe, Castel, and Rhodes?
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Study Notes
Polygraph Test Accuracy and Alternatives
- Patrick and Iacono found that original polygraph examiners are often influenced by extra-polygraph cues.
- Most field studies of polygraph accuracy have used confessions to establish guilt or innocence.
- The Comparison Question Test is more effective at detecting guilty suspects, while the Concealed Information Test is more effective at detecting innocent suspects.
- The Concealed Information Test is vulnerable to falsely classifying guilty suspects as innocent and falsely classifying innocent suspects as guilty.
- Freya used a physical countermeasure by biting her tongue, while Mila used a mental countermeasure by counting backward by 7 from a number greater than 200.
- Most knowledgeable scientists have negative beliefs, and the general public has positive beliefs about the accuracy of the Comparison Question Test.
- Polygraph evidence is never admissible in Canadian criminal courts of law.
- The Supreme Court of Canada ruled in R. v. Beland that polygraph evidence should not be admitted in court to help determine truthfulness.
- The technique not used as a method of detecting deception is the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT).
- ERPs measure changes in electrical patterns related to presentation of a stimulus by placing electrodes on the scalp.
- The event-related potential known as P300 occurs in response to significant stimuli that occur infrequently.
- The appeal of using a brain-based lie-detection approach is that researchers hope it measures deception instead of emotional arousal.
Deception and Malingering: Key Concepts
- Lie bias refers to the tendency to judge more messages as truthful than deceptive.
- Training programs for professionals should focus on teaching both deception cues and truthfulness cues to counteract lie biases.
- Factitious disorder consists of intentionally produced or falsified symptoms in the absence of obvious external rewards.
- Munchausen syndrome by proxy is a rare factitious disorder in which a person intentionally produces an illness in their child.
- Malingering involves intentional symptoms and external incentive.
- The opposite of malingering is called defensiveness, which involves the conscious denial or extreme minimization of physical or psychological symptoms.
- Richard Roger provided three explanatory models of malingering, with the pathogenic model assuming that people are motivated to malinger because of an underlying mental disorder.
- In Richard Roger’s criminological model of malingering, people are assumed to be motivated to malinger because of an underlying mental disorder.
- The most common research design used to study malingering is the simulation design.
- A study of malingering that uses a group of people with the mental disorder and malingers the symptoms is known as the clinical experimental group.
- A study of malingering that has the mental disorder being studied but does not attempt to malinger symptoms is known as the clinical control group.
- A study of malingering that uses a group of people who do not have the mental disorder being studied and malingers the symptoms is known as the non-clinical experimental group.
Deception Detection and Expert Testimony Study Summary
- McCabe, Castel, and Rhodes (2011) conducted a study on the influence of expert evidence on verdicts in a mock juror trial.
- An expert testified about increased activation of the frontal brain areas when the defendant denied killing his wife and her lover, leading to the highest percentage of guilty verdicts.
- Different non-verbal cues, such as increased facial temperature, blood pressure, and averted gaze, were used as expert evidence in the study.
- The study found that smiling, gaze aversion, self-manipulations, and blinking were not consistently indicative of deception.
- The most common stereotype about liars was that they avoid eye contact.
- Avoidance of eye contact, deception detection being easy, and liars fidgeting more than truth-tellers were listed as myths for detecting deception.
- Research by Matsumoto, Hwang, Skinner, and Frank (2011) recommended paying attention to micro facial expressions during interrogations.
- Voice pitch was found to be the verbal indicator most strongly associated with deception.
- Deception judgments were found to depend more on the liar than the judge.
- Truth-tellers were found to be less likely to change their stories, contrary to popular belief.
- A meta-analysis by Aamodt and Custer (2006) found that the average accurate rate for detecting deception by professional lie catchers was around 55%.
- Police officers were found to be less accurate at detecting low-stakes lies compared to high-stakes lies.
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Description
Test your knowledge on polygraph test accuracy, alternatives, deception, and malingering with this quiz. Explore key concepts and research findings related to lie detection, factitious disorders, malingering, and more.
