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Questions and Answers
Which part of a neuron is responsible for receiving and interpreting sensory information?
Which part of a neuron is responsible for receiving and interpreting sensory information?
- Axon
- Cell body
- Myelin sheath
- Dendrites (correct)
What is the function of the myelin sheath?
What is the function of the myelin sheath?
- To integrate neuron activity associated with conscious activity
- To initiate nerve impulses to the muscles
- To provide cushioning and blood vessels (correct)
- To allow coordinated movement and balance
Which neurotransmitter is responsible for regulating muscle movement?
Which neurotransmitter is responsible for regulating muscle movement?
- Serotonin
- Dopamine
- Acetylcholine (correct)
- Norepinephrine
Which division of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary movements?
Which division of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary movements?
Which part of the brain is responsible for higher order functions?
Which part of the brain is responsible for higher order functions?
What is the function of the cerebellum?
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Which structure is associated with the diencephalon and responsible for regulating body temperature and hunger?
Which structure is associated with the diencephalon and responsible for regulating body temperature and hunger?
What is the function of the brain stem?
What is the function of the brain stem?
What is the function of the meninges?
What is the function of the meninges?
What is the function of the peripheral nervous system?
What is the function of the peripheral nervous system?
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for sending impulses to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and endocrine glands?
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for sending impulses to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and endocrine glands?
Which system generally has opposite effects to the sympathetic nervous system?
Which system generally has opposite effects to the sympathetic nervous system?
Which system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?
Which system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?
Which system is responsible for the 'rest and restore' response?
Which system is responsible for the 'rest and restore' response?
Which system increases heart rate and decreases GI secretions?
Which system increases heart rate and decreases GI secretions?
Which system decreases heart rate and increases GI motility?
Which system decreases heart rate and increases GI motility?
Which system dilates the pupil?
Which system dilates the pupil?
Which system constricts the pupil?
Which system constricts the pupil?
Which system sends nerves that emerge from the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae?
Which system sends nerves that emerge from the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae?
Which system sends nerves that emerge from the brain and spinal cord?
Which system sends nerves that emerge from the brain and spinal cord?
Which part of the nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord?
Which part of the nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord?
What are the three basic functions of the nervous system?
What are the three basic functions of the nervous system?
Which part of the nervous system links the central nervous system with the rest of the body?
Which part of the nervous system links the central nervous system with the rest of the body?
What is the main function of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?
What is the main function of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?
What does the nervous system do in response to the information it receives?
What does the nervous system do in response to the information it receives?
What are the two main components of the nervous system?
What are the two main components of the nervous system?
What is the shape of neurons adapted for?
What is the shape of neurons adapted for?
What is the main reason why neurons require high levels of oxygen?
What is the main reason why neurons require high levels of oxygen?
Do all neurons look the same physically?
Do all neurons look the same physically?
Can neurons reproduce?
Can neurons reproduce?
Which type of cell is considered the functional cell of the nervous system?
Which type of cell is considered the functional cell of the nervous system?
Which type of receptors are widely distributed inside and on the surface of the body, except in the brain?
Which type of receptors are widely distributed inside and on the surface of the body, except in the brain?
Which sense is responsible for detecting the position and movement of the body?
Which sense is responsible for detecting the position and movement of the body?
Which type of receptors are found in taste buds in the oral cavity?
Which type of receptors are found in taste buds in the oral cavity?
Which sense converts vibrations of air molecules into nerve impulses?
Which sense converts vibrations of air molecules into nerve impulses?
Which structure in the nasal passages is responsible for detecting odors?
Which structure in the nasal passages is responsible for detecting odors?
Which part of the eye produces a waxy substance to prevent tears from overflowing onto the face?
Which part of the eye produces a waxy substance to prevent tears from overflowing onto the face?
Where is the nictitating membrane located in domestic animals?
Where is the nictitating membrane located in domestic animals?
What is the function of the conjunctival sac?
What is the function of the conjunctival sac?
What is the function of the lacrimal apparatus?
What is the function of the lacrimal apparatus?
What is the function of the conjunctiva?
What is the function of the conjunctiva?
What are the corners where the eyelids come together called?
What are the corners where the eyelids come together called?
What is the function of the photoreceptors in the retina?
What is the function of the photoreceptors in the retina?
Which layer of the eyeball contains the cornea and sclera?
Which layer of the eyeball contains the cornea and sclera?
What is the main function of the iris?
What is the main function of the iris?
What is the purpose of the ciliary body in the eyeball?
What is the purpose of the ciliary body in the eyeball?
Which layer of the retina contains the sensory receptors for vision?
Which layer of the retina contains the sensory receptors for vision?
What are the two types of photoreceptor cells in the retina?
What are the two types of photoreceptor cells in the retina?
Which of the following is a general type of stimuli that can trigger a response from sensory receptors?
Which of the following is a general type of stimuli that can trigger a response from sensory receptors?
Which of the following senses is NOT considered a visceral sense?
Which of the following senses is NOT considered a visceral sense?
What is the difference between superficial and central temperature sensors?
What is the difference between superficial and central temperature sensors?
Which of the following processes contribute to nociception?
Which of the following processes contribute to nociception?
What is the structure responsible for detecting taste?
What is the structure responsible for detecting taste?
Which of the following is NOT considered a special sense?
Which of the following is NOT considered a special sense?
Which part of the ear acts as a funnel to collect sound wave vibrations and direct them to the eardrum?
Which part of the ear acts as a funnel to collect sound wave vibrations and direct them to the eardrum?
Which part of the ear amplifies and transmits the vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear?
Which part of the ear amplifies and transmits the vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear?
Which part of the ear contains the sensory receptors that convert the mechanical vibrations to nerve impulses, along with receptors for the equilibrium sense?
Which part of the ear contains the sensory receptors that convert the mechanical vibrations to nerve impulses, along with receptors for the equilibrium sense?
What is the name of the thin connective tissue membrane tightly stretched across the opening between the external auditory canal and the middle ear cavity?
What is the name of the thin connective tissue membrane tightly stretched across the opening between the external auditory canal and the middle ear cavity?
What are the three ossicles (small bones) that link the tympanic membrane with the cochlea of the inner ear?
What are the three ossicles (small bones) that link the tympanic membrane with the cochlea of the inner ear?
Where are the equilibrium receptors located in the inner ear?
Where are the equilibrium receptors located in the inner ear?
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Study Notes
Neuron Structure and Function
- Dendrites are responsible for receiving and interpreting sensory information.
- The myelin sheath insulates nerve fibers, enhancing the speed of electrical impulses.
- Acetylcholine regulates muscle movement.
Nervous System Divisions
- The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements.
- The central nervous system encompasses the brain and spinal cord.
- The peripheral nervous system links the central nervous system with the rest of the body.
Brain Functionality
- The prefrontal cortex is associated with higher-order functions such as decision-making and problem-solving.
- The cerebellum functions to coordinate movement and balance.
Regulating Homeostasis
- The hypothalamus, part of the diencephalon, regulates body temperature and hunger.
- The brain stem controls vital functions, including heart rate and breathing.
Meninges and Protective Mechanisms
- Meninges protect the brain and spinal cord by surrounding them with layers of tissue.
- The peripheral nervous system carries signals to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and endocrine glands.
Autonomic Nervous System
- The parasympathetic nervous system counteracts sympathetic responses, promoting rest and recovery.
- The sympathetic nervous system manages 'fight or flight' responses, increasing heart rate and diminishing gastrointestinal activity.
- The parasympathetic system promotes 'rest and restore' responses, lowering heart rates and enhancing digestion.
Reflex Actions and Responses
- Opioids are released for pain modulation, relating to nociception processes in the nervous system.
- Reaction to sensory information involves processing and responding to stimuli.
Neuronal Characteristics
- Neurons have unique shapes aiding in their function of transmitting signals.
- Neurons require high levels of oxygen due to their high metabolic activity and demand for energy.
- Neurons vary in appearance, reflecting different functions; they do not reproduce like other cells.
Sensory Receptors and Sensations
- Sensory receptors include those for proprioception, detecting body position and movement.
- Taste buds contain taste receptors that capture chemical stimuli.
- The cochlea in the inner ear transmits sound vibrations to nerve impulses, while equilibrium receptors help maintain balance.
- Olfactory receptors in the nasal passages detect odors.
Eye Anatomy and Function
- The conjunctival sac provides lubrication and protects the eye surface.
- The lacrimal apparatus forms tears for eye hydration.
- The conjunctiva lines the eyelids and eyeball, offering protection and moisture.
- The iris regulates light entry into the eye, while the ciliary body adjusts lens shape.
- Photoreceptors in the retina, including rods and cones, are crucial for light detection.
Ear Anatomy
- The pinna collects sound waves, directing them to the tympanic membrane (eardrum).
- The ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) connect the eardrum to the cochlea for amplification.
- The tympanic membrane separates the external auditory canal from the middle ear, facilitating sound transmission.
- Equilibrium receptors, located in the semicircular canals, help maintain balance.
Temperature Sensation
- Superficial temperature sensors are sensitive to external temperature changes, while central sensors gauge core body temperature.
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