Podcast
Questions and Answers
When were the psychoactive properties of marijuana recognized?
When were the psychoactive properties of marijuana recognized?
- In ancient Rome
- During the Renaissance
- In the 19th century
- 5000 years ago (correct)
Who brought marijuana to the West?
Who brought marijuana to the West?
- Alexander the Great
- Napoleon’s troops (correct)
- Marco Polo
- Christopher Columbus
In which country were the psychoactive effects of hemp recognized?
In which country were the psychoactive effects of hemp recognized?
- India
- China (correct)
- Egypt
- Greece
What was marijuana used for in ancient China?
What was marijuana used for in ancient China?
Which compound is the main psychoactive compound in Cannabis Sativa?
Which compound is the main psychoactive compound in Cannabis Sativa?
What is the biological half-life of THC in the body?
What is the biological half-life of THC in the body?
Which metabolite of THC is formed through liver metabolism?
Which metabolite of THC is formed through liver metabolism?
What does the CB1 receptor activation in the hippocampus lead to?
What does the CB1 receptor activation in the hippocampus lead to?
What is the target of THC in the brain?
What is the target of THC in the brain?
What is the main reason why edibles hit harder than smoking marijuana?
What is the main reason why edibles hit harder than smoking marijuana?
Which drug failed as an obesity drug and acts as a selective CB1 antagonist?
Which drug failed as an obesity drug and acts as a selective CB1 antagonist?
What did the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 make illegal?
What did the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 make illegal?
What did the US Bureau of Narcotics campaign in the 1930s aim to depict marijuana as?
What did the US Bureau of Narcotics campaign in the 1930s aim to depict marijuana as?
What schedule drug classification includes marijuana, according to the DEA?
What schedule drug classification includes marijuana, according to the DEA?
What does Cannabis Sativa contain over 100 of?
What does Cannabis Sativa contain over 100 of?
What influences the vaporization and entry of THC into the lungs?
What influences the vaporization and entry of THC into the lungs?
Which enzyme is responsible for metabolizing anandamide in the postsynaptic neuron?
Which enzyme is responsible for metabolizing anandamide in the postsynaptic neuron?
Which receptor antagonist was approved as an anti-obesity medication in the EU from 2006-2008, but later removed from the market due to adverse psychiatric side effects?
Which receptor antagonist was approved as an anti-obesity medication in the EU from 2006-2008, but later removed from the market due to adverse psychiatric side effects?
Which endocannabinoid is the major agonist for the CB1 receptor and is found in higher quantities in the brain?
Which endocannabinoid is the major agonist for the CB1 receptor and is found in higher quantities in the brain?
Which type of modulation do endocannabinoids use to affect neuronal activity in the hippocampus?
Which type of modulation do endocannabinoids use to affect neuronal activity in the hippocampus?
Which enzyme is responsible for metabolizing 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in the presynaptic neuron?
Which enzyme is responsible for metabolizing 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in the presynaptic neuron?
Which statement about CB1 receptor distribution in the brainstem is true?
Which statement about CB1 receptor distribution in the brainstem is true?
Which statement accurately describes the packaging of endocannabinoids prior to release?
Which statement accurately describes the packaging of endocannabinoids prior to release?
How do CB1 agonists affect pain sensitivity?
How do CB1 agonists affect pain sensitivity?
Which process do endocannabinoids facilitate in relation to learned fear responses?
Which process do endocannabinoids facilitate in relation to learned fear responses?
What effect does Rimonabant have on the extinction of learned fear responses?
What effect does Rimonabant have on the extinction of learned fear responses?
Which of the following is true about the synthesis of endocannabinoids?
Which of the following is true about the synthesis of endocannabinoids?
What is the primary action of endocannabinoids on the cellular level?
What is the primary action of endocannabinoids on the cellular level?
Which statement accurately describes CBD?
Which statement accurately describes CBD?
For which medical condition has CBD been approved as a treatment?
For which medical condition has CBD been approved as a treatment?
What is a known effect of chronic cannabis exposure on brain development?
What is a known effect of chronic cannabis exposure on brain development?
Which statement is true about synthetic cannabinoids like 'K2' or 'Spice'?
Which statement is true about synthetic cannabinoids like 'K2' or 'Spice'?
What is the primary concern regarding the safety and legality of Delta-8 THC?
What is the primary concern regarding the safety and legality of Delta-8 THC?
What adverse effect has chronic cannabis use been linked to in humans in middle age?
What adverse effect has chronic cannabis use been linked to in humans in middle age?
What is the impact of chronic low-dose THC on age-related cognitive decline in mice?
What is the impact of chronic low-dose THC on age-related cognitive decline in mice?
What is a known effect of cannabinoids on the mesolimbic dopamine system?
What is a known effect of cannabinoids on the mesolimbic dopamine system?
What is a potential consequence of chronic cannabis exposure on reproductive functions in mice?
What is a potential consequence of chronic cannabis exposure on reproductive functions in mice?
What is the primary concern regarding chronic cannabis exposure in relation to brain development?
What is the primary concern regarding chronic cannabis exposure in relation to brain development?
Discuss the historical background and recognition of psychoactive properties of marijuana.
Discuss the historical background and recognition of psychoactive properties of marijuana.
Explain the basic pharmacology and mechanisms of action of marijuana and cannabinoids.
Explain the basic pharmacology and mechanisms of action of marijuana and cannabinoids.
Discuss the changes in medical marijuana laws and its impact on opioid prescription.
Discuss the changes in medical marijuana laws and its impact on opioid prescription.
Explain the background and history of marijuana, tracing its origins and use throughout the ages.
Explain the background and history of marijuana, tracing its origins and use throughout the ages.
Explain the impact of the US Bureau of Narcotics campaign in the 1930s on the legal status of marijuana in the United States.
Explain the impact of the US Bureau of Narcotics campaign in the 1930s on the legal status of marijuana in the United States.
Describe the classification of marijuana by the DEA and its implications.
Describe the classification of marijuana by the DEA and its implications.
What is the main psychoactive compound in Cannabis Sativa and how does its potency vary?
What is the main psychoactive compound in Cannabis Sativa and how does its potency vary?
Explain the process of THC metabolization and the longevity of its metabolites in the body.
Explain the process of THC metabolization and the longevity of its metabolites in the body.
Discuss the effects of edible THC and why it hits harder compared to smoking marijuana.
Discuss the effects of edible THC and why it hits harder compared to smoking marijuana.
What are the primary target receptors for THC in the body and what behavioral effects does THC produce through these receptors?
What are the primary target receptors for THC in the body and what behavioral effects does THC produce through these receptors?
Explain the impact of CB1 receptor activation in the hippocampus.
Explain the impact of CB1 receptor activation in the hippocampus.
Describe the vaporization and entry of THC into the lungs, and how it is influenced by smoking patterns.
Describe the vaporization and entry of THC into the lungs, and how it is influenced by smoking patterns.
Discuss the rise and decline of blood THC levels after smoking, including its biological half-life.
Discuss the rise and decline of blood THC levels after smoking, including its biological half-life.
Explain the primary action of endocannabinoids at the cellular level.
Explain the primary action of endocannabinoids at the cellular level.
Discuss the unique cannabinoids present in Cannabis Sativa and their implications for marijuana use.
Discuss the unique cannabinoids present in Cannabis Sativa and their implications for marijuana use.
Explain the mechanism of action of endocannabinoids as retrograde messengers.
Explain the mechanism of action of endocannabinoids as retrograde messengers.
What are the main endocannabinoids for CB1 and CB2 receptors?
What are the main endocannabinoids for CB1 and CB2 receptors?
What are the metabolic enzymes for endocannabinoids and their respective endocannabinoids?
What are the metabolic enzymes for endocannabinoids and their respective endocannabinoids?
How do endocannabinoids modulate pain perception and inflammation?
How do endocannabinoids modulate pain perception and inflammation?
What are the mechanisms in the hippocampus involving 2-AG production and CB1 receptor activation?
What are the mechanisms in the hippocampus involving 2-AG production and CB1 receptor activation?
What effects do endocannabinoids have on the extinction of learned fear responses?
What effects do endocannabinoids have on the extinction of learned fear responses?
What is the primary concern regarding overdose deaths from marijuana?
What is the primary concern regarding overdose deaths from marijuana?
What was the impact of Rimonabant, an antiobesity medication, on the market?
What was the impact of Rimonabant, an antiobesity medication, on the market?
How are endocannabinoids synthesized?
How are endocannabinoids synthesized?
What receptors do anandamide and 2-AG activate?
What receptors do anandamide and 2-AG activate?
What is the impact of chronic low-dose THC on age-related cognitive decline in mice?
What is the impact of chronic low-dose THC on age-related cognitive decline in mice?
What is the primary action of endocannabinoids on the cellular level?
What is the primary action of endocannabinoids on the cellular level?
Explain the difference between CBD and THC in terms of their psychoactive effects and receptor affinity.
Explain the difference between CBD and THC in terms of their psychoactive effects and receptor affinity.
What are the recommended medical uses for CBD Epidiolex?
What are the recommended medical uses for CBD Epidiolex?
What are the potential adverse effects of synthetic cannabinoids like 'K2' or 'Spice'?
What are the potential adverse effects of synthetic cannabinoids like 'K2' or 'Spice'?
What is the primary concern regarding chronic cannabis exposure and its effects on brain development, cognitive decline, and reproductive functions?
What is the primary concern regarding chronic cannabis exposure and its effects on brain development, cognitive decline, and reproductive functions?
What are the observed effects of chronic low-dose THC exposure on age-related cognitive decline and synaptic proteins in mice?
What are the observed effects of chronic low-dose THC exposure on age-related cognitive decline and synaptic proteins in mice?
Explain the potential consequences of chronic cannabis exposure on gum disease and sexual frequency in humans.
Explain the potential consequences of chronic cannabis exposure on gum disease and sexual frequency in humans.
What are the potential consequences of chronic THC exposure in animals?
What are the potential consequences of chronic THC exposure in animals?
What are the observed effects of chronic treatment of adolescent rats with a CB1 receptor agonist on PFC dendritic length and LTP at hippocampal-PFC synapses?
What are the observed effects of chronic treatment of adolescent rats with a CB1 receptor agonist on PFC dendritic length and LTP at hippocampal-PFC synapses?
Explain the effects of cannabinoids on the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system.
Explain the effects of cannabinoids on the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system.
What is the similarity and difference between Delta 8 THC and THC in terms of their study and properties?
What is the similarity and difference between Delta 8 THC and THC in terms of their study and properties?
Explain the potential impact of chronic cannabis exposure on withdrawal signs and dependence in animals.
Explain the potential impact of chronic cannabis exposure on withdrawal signs and dependence in animals.
What is the impact of endocannabinoids on the cellular level and their effects as retrograde messengers?
What is the impact of endocannabinoids on the cellular level and their effects as retrograde messengers?
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Study Notes
Background and History of Marijuana
- 1930s: US Bureau of Narcotics launched a PR campaign to depict marijuana as a social menace.
- Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 made nonmedical use illegal and discouraged all uses.
- Schedule 1 Drug (DEA) includes marijuana, with a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use.
- Cannabis Sativa contains over 100 unique cannabinoids, with THC as the main psychoactive compound.
- THC concentration and potency in marijuana vary widely.
- THC vaporizes and enters the lungs in small particles, influenced by smoking patterns.
- THC is metabolized by CYP enzymes in the liver, forming metabolites like 11-hydroxy THC and THC-COOH.
- Blood THC levels rise quickly after smoking and decline rapidly, with a biological half-life of 20-30 hours.
- Edibles hit harder due to liver metabolism forming 11-OH THC, which crosses the blood-brain barrier more rapidly and is more potent.
- CB1 receptor, widely expressed in the brain, is a target for THC, leading to reduced locomotor activity, hypothermia, catalepsy, and hypoalgesia.
- CB1 receptor activation in the hippocampus leads to spatial learning deficits in animals.
- Rimonabant, a selective CB1 antagonist, failed as an obesity drug.
Cannabis and Synthetic Cannabinoids: Mechanisms, Effects, and Health Implications
- Endocannabinoids are synthesized from membrane lipids and act as retrograde messengers
- Endocannabinoids are released in response to an intracellular rise in calcium and act on GPCRs
- CBD is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid with low affinity for CB1 or CB2 receptors
- CBD has been approved as a treatment for rare forms of epilepsy known as Lennox-Gastaut and Dravet syndromes
- Cannabinoids have reinforcing properties and can affect the mesolimbic dopamine system
- Chronic cannabis exposure can lead to tolerance and dependence, with potential adverse effects on brain development
- Chronic low-dose THC reversed age-related cognitive decline in mice and had effects on reproductive functions
- Synthetic cannabinoids like "K2" or "Spice" can induce psychotic effects and were classified as Schedule I drugs
- Delta-8 THC is a different form of THC that has gained popularity, but its safety and legality are under scrutiny
- Chronic cannabis exposure has been linked to enhanced long-term potentiation in adolescent rats and an increase in age-related cognitive decline in mice
- Chronic cannabis use has been associated with an increased risk for gum disease in humans in middle age
- Chronic cannabis use has also been linked to a decrease in sexual frequency in humans
Cannabinoids and Their Effects
- Endocannabinoids are retrograde messengers synthesized from membrane lipids and released following an intracellular rise in calcium
- Endocannabinoid receptors are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and larger than classic neurotransmitters
- CBD (Cannabidiol) lacks psychoactive effects of THC, has a very low affinity for CB-1 or CB-2 receptors, and is effective as an anticonvulsant, antianxiety, analgesic, antitumor, and antipsychotic
- CBD Epidiolex is recommended for treating two rare forms of epilepsy
- Cannabinoids have reinforcing properties and stimulate firing of VTA neurons in the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system
- Chronic cannabis exposure leads to tolerance, dependence, and adverse health effects, affecting brain development, cognitive decline, and reproductive functions
- Chronic low-dose THC reversed age-related cognitive decline and enhanced synaptic proteins and spine density in mice
- Synthetic cannabinoids, such as "K2" or "Spice," produce effects similar to marijuana but can also cause extreme anxiety, paranoia, and hallucinations
- Delta 8 THC is a compound similar to THC but is not as well studied
- Chronic THC exposure in animals has shown no withdrawal signs but has led to abstinence symptoms and dependence in a significant portion of users
- Chronic treatment of adolescent rats with a CB1 receptor agonist reduced PFC dendritic length and impaired LTP at hippocampal-PFC synapses
- Chronic cannabis exposure has been linked to an increased risk for gum disease in humans in middle age and a decrease in sexual frequency in humans
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