The Ultimate Cannabis and Synthetic Cannabinoids Quiz

<p>Relief of cramps and pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20-30 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>11-hydroxy THC</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spatial learning deficits</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CB1 receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of 11-OH THC in the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rimonabant</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nonmedical use of marijuana</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A social menace</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Schedule 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unique cannabinoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smoking patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rimonabant</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depolarization-induced suppression of excitation (DISE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There are very few (if any) CB1 receptors located in the brainstem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endocannabinoids are not packaged into vesicles prior to release due to their small lipid molecules that are membrane permeable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CB1 agonists reduce sensitivity to pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endocannabinoids facilitate extinction of learned fear responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rimonabant inhibits extinction of learned fear responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are synthesized from membrane lipids and act as retrograde messengers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acting on GPCRs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CBD is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid with low affinity for CB1 or CB2 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lennox-Gastaut and Dravet syndromes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhanced long-term potentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can induce psychotic effects and were classified as Schedule I drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its safety and legality are under scrutiny</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk for gum disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reversed age-related cognitive decline</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reinforcing properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Effects on reproductive functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential adverse effects on brain development</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marijuana was produced from flowering hemp (Cannabis sativa) 5000 years ago, and its psychoactive properties were recognized in China. Extracts were used for relief of cramps and pain. It was brought to the West by Napolean’s troops who returned with Egyptian hashish.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The basic pharmacology of marijuana involves its production from Cannabis sativa, while the mechanisms of action include acute behavioral and physiological effects, as well as the abuse and chronic exposure of cannabis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Medical marijuana laws have changed opioid prescription practices, with marijuana being recognized as a natural analgesic. It has had an impact on opioid prescription patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marijuana was produced from flowering hemp (Cannabis sativa) 5000 years ago, with its psychoactive properties recognized in China. It was brought to the West by Napolean's troops who returned with Egyptian hashish.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The campaign aimed to portray marijuana as a social menace, leading to the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937, which made nonmedical uses of marijuana illegal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marijuana is classified as a Schedule 1 drug by the DEA, indicating it has no accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main psychoactive compound, and its potency varies widely across different plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>THC is metabolized by CYP enzymes in the liver and produces metabolites like 11-hydroxy THC, which is psychoactive and present in urine for over two weeks after a single use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Edible THC hits harder due to the liver metabolizing it into 11-OH THC, which crosses the blood-brain barrier more rapidly and is more potent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CB1 receptors are the primary target for THC, with CB2 receptors found in the immune system and other tissues. THC acts as a partial agonist at CB1 and CB2 receptors, producing behavioral effects like reduced locomotor activity and hypothermia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CB1 receptor activation in the hippocampus causes spatial learning deficits in animals, which can be blocked by specific antagonists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>THC vaporizes and enters the lungs in small particles, with its effective dose and onset latency influenced by smoking patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood THC levels rise quickly after smoking, but decline rapidly, with a biological half-life of approximately 20-30 hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endocannabinoids primarily act as retrograde messengers that modulate neurotransmitter release.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cannabis Sativa contains over 100 unique cannabinoids, with Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) being the main psychoactive compound, indicating the complexity and variability of marijuana effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endocannabinoids act as retrograde messengers by binding selectively to CB1 receptors on presynaptic terminals, modulating neurotransmitter release.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anandamide and 2-AG are the main endocannabinoids for CB1 and CB2 receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metabolic enzymes for endocannabinoids include FAAH for anandamide and MAGL for 2-AG.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endocannabinoids modulate pain perception and inflammation, with THC exhibiting hypoalgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition (DISI) and excitation (DISE) are mechanisms in the hippocampus involving 2-AG production and CB1 receptor activation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endocannabinoids facilitate extinction of learned fear responses, and increased anandamide levels enhance the ability to “turn off” responses to threatening stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There are very few CB1 receptors in the brainstem, likely preventing overdose deaths from marijuana.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rimonabant was removed from the market due to adverse psychiatric effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endocannabinoids are not packaged into vesicles and are synthesized from membrane inositol phospholipids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anandamide activates postsynaptic CB1 receptors or TRPV1 cation channels, while 2-AG activates CB1 receptors on astrocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic low-dose THC exhibits neuroprotective effects against age-related cognitive decline in mice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endocannabinoids enhance incentive motivational properties of food through CB1 receptor activation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CBD lacks psychoactive effects of THC, has a very low affinity for CB-1 or CB-2 receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CBD Epidiolex is recommended for treating two rare forms of epilepsy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthetic cannabinoids, such as 'K2' or 'Spice,' produce effects similar to marijuana but can also cause extreme anxiety, paranoia, and hallucinations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic cannabis exposure leads to tolerance, dependence, and adverse health effects, affecting brain development, cognitive decline, and reproductive functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic low-dose THC reversed age-related cognitive decline and enhanced synaptic proteins and spine density in mice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic cannabis exposure has been linked to an increased risk for gum disease in humans in middle age and a decrease in sexual frequency in humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic THC exposure in animals has shown no withdrawal signs but has led to abstinence symptoms and dependence in a significant portion of users.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic treatment of adolescent rats with a CB1 receptor agonist reduced PFC dendritic length and impaired LTP at hippocampal-PFC synapses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cannabinoids have reinforcing properties and stimulate firing of VTA neurons in the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Delta 8 THC is a compound similar to THC but is not as well studied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic cannabis exposure in animals has shown no withdrawal signs but has led to abstinence symptoms and dependence in a significant portion of users.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endocannabinoids are retrograde messengers synthesized from membrane lipids and released following an intracellular rise in calcium.</p> Signup and view all the answers