The Ultimate Cannabis and Synthetic Cannabinoids Quiz

5000 years ago

Napoleon’s troops

China

Relief of cramps and pain

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

20-30 hours

11-hydroxy THC

Spatial learning deficits

CB1 receptor

Formation of 11-OH THC in the liver

Rimonabant

Nonmedical use of marijuana

A social menace

Schedule 1

Unique cannabinoids

Smoking patterns

Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH)

Rimonabant

2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)

Depolarization-induced suppression of excitation (DISE)

Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL)

There are very few (if any) CB1 receptors located in the brainstem.

Endocannabinoids are not packaged into vesicles prior to release due to their small lipid molecules that are membrane permeable.

CB1 agonists reduce sensitivity to pain.

Endocannabinoids facilitate extinction of learned fear responses.

Rimonabant inhibits extinction of learned fear responses.

They are synthesized from membrane lipids and act as retrograde messengers

Acting on GPCRs

CBD is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid with low affinity for CB1 or CB2 receptors

Lennox-Gastaut and Dravet syndromes

Enhanced long-term potentiation

They can induce psychotic effects and were classified as Schedule I drugs

Its safety and legality are under scrutiny

Increased risk for gum disease

It reversed age-related cognitive decline

Reinforcing properties

Effects on reproductive functions

Potential adverse effects on brain development

Marijuana was produced from flowering hemp (Cannabis sativa) 5000 years ago, and its psychoactive properties were recognized in China. Extracts were used for relief of cramps and pain. It was brought to the West by Napolean’s troops who returned with Egyptian hashish.

The basic pharmacology of marijuana involves its production from Cannabis sativa, while the mechanisms of action include acute behavioral and physiological effects, as well as the abuse and chronic exposure of cannabis.

Medical marijuana laws have changed opioid prescription practices, with marijuana being recognized as a natural analgesic. It has had an impact on opioid prescription patterns.

Marijuana was produced from flowering hemp (Cannabis sativa) 5000 years ago, with its psychoactive properties recognized in China. It was brought to the West by Napolean's troops who returned with Egyptian hashish.

The campaign aimed to portray marijuana as a social menace, leading to the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937, which made nonmedical uses of marijuana illegal.

Marijuana is classified as a Schedule 1 drug by the DEA, indicating it has no accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse.

Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main psychoactive compound, and its potency varies widely across different plants.

THC is metabolized by CYP enzymes in the liver and produces metabolites like 11-hydroxy THC, which is psychoactive and present in urine for over two weeks after a single use.

Edible THC hits harder due to the liver metabolizing it into 11-OH THC, which crosses the blood-brain barrier more rapidly and is more potent.

CB1 receptors are the primary target for THC, with CB2 receptors found in the immune system and other tissues. THC acts as a partial agonist at CB1 and CB2 receptors, producing behavioral effects like reduced locomotor activity and hypothermia.

CB1 receptor activation in the hippocampus causes spatial learning deficits in animals, which can be blocked by specific antagonists.

THC vaporizes and enters the lungs in small particles, with its effective dose and onset latency influenced by smoking patterns.

Blood THC levels rise quickly after smoking, but decline rapidly, with a biological half-life of approximately 20-30 hours.

Endocannabinoids primarily act as retrograde messengers that modulate neurotransmitter release.

Cannabis Sativa contains over 100 unique cannabinoids, with Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) being the main psychoactive compound, indicating the complexity and variability of marijuana effects.

Endocannabinoids act as retrograde messengers by binding selectively to CB1 receptors on presynaptic terminals, modulating neurotransmitter release.

Anandamide and 2-AG are the main endocannabinoids for CB1 and CB2 receptors.

Metabolic enzymes for endocannabinoids include FAAH for anandamide and MAGL for 2-AG.

Endocannabinoids modulate pain perception and inflammation, with THC exhibiting hypoalgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.

Depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition (DISI) and excitation (DISE) are mechanisms in the hippocampus involving 2-AG production and CB1 receptor activation.

Endocannabinoids facilitate extinction of learned fear responses, and increased anandamide levels enhance the ability to “turn off” responses to threatening stimuli.

There are very few CB1 receptors in the brainstem, likely preventing overdose deaths from marijuana.

Rimonabant was removed from the market due to adverse psychiatric effects.

Endocannabinoids are not packaged into vesicles and are synthesized from membrane inositol phospholipids.

Anandamide activates postsynaptic CB1 receptors or TRPV1 cation channels, while 2-AG activates CB1 receptors on astrocytes.

Chronic low-dose THC exhibits neuroprotective effects against age-related cognitive decline in mice.

Endocannabinoids enhance incentive motivational properties of food through CB1 receptor activation.

CBD lacks psychoactive effects of THC, has a very low affinity for CB-1 or CB-2 receptors.

CBD Epidiolex is recommended for treating two rare forms of epilepsy.

Synthetic cannabinoids, such as 'K2' or 'Spice,' produce effects similar to marijuana but can also cause extreme anxiety, paranoia, and hallucinations.

Chronic cannabis exposure leads to tolerance, dependence, and adverse health effects, affecting brain development, cognitive decline, and reproductive functions.

Chronic low-dose THC reversed age-related cognitive decline and enhanced synaptic proteins and spine density in mice.

Chronic cannabis exposure has been linked to an increased risk for gum disease in humans in middle age and a decrease in sexual frequency in humans.

Chronic THC exposure in animals has shown no withdrawal signs but has led to abstinence symptoms and dependence in a significant portion of users.

Chronic treatment of adolescent rats with a CB1 receptor agonist reduced PFC dendritic length and impaired LTP at hippocampal-PFC synapses.

Cannabinoids have reinforcing properties and stimulate firing of VTA neurons in the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system.

Delta 8 THC is a compound similar to THC but is not as well studied.

Chronic cannabis exposure in animals has shown no withdrawal signs but has led to abstinence symptoms and dependence in a significant portion of users.

Endocannabinoids are retrograde messengers synthesized from membrane lipids and released following an intracellular rise in calcium.