202 DR 2: Neuroanat 2 Organisation of the central nervous system
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Questions and Answers

Which structure connects the brainstem to the cerebellum?

  • Middle cerebellar peduncle (correct)
  • Trigeminal nerve (V)
  • Cerebral peduncle
  • Olive

    • What can be found on the anterior surface of the midbrain?

  • Pons
  • Medulla
  • Cerebral peduncles (correct)
  • Pyramid

    • Which cranial nerve is located on the ventral surface of the brainstem?

  • Trigeminal nerve (V) (correct)
  • Cerebral peduncle
  • Middle cerebellar peduncle
  • Olive

    • What is the function of the basilar artery?

    <p>Supplies blood to the brainstem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the prosection session?

    <p>Examining the brainstem and origins of the cranial nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two components of the basal ganglia?

    <p>Pons and midbrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the session on the ventricles?

    <p>Locate the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain forms part of the limbic system and lies superior to the corpus callosum?

    <p>Cingulate gyrus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the thalamus in the brain?

    <p>Relay station for main sensory systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the hypothalamus located in relation to the thalamus?

    <p>Below</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a blockage of the interventricular foramen?

    <p>Non-communicating hydrocephalus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the communication between the third and fourth ventricle called?

    <p>Cerebral aqueduct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is responsible for the regulation of sleep, sexual behavior, and emotional behavior?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is a paired mass of grey matter in the center of the brain?

    <p>Thalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the cerebral cortex do the motor fibers of the corticospinal tract mainly originate from?

    <p>Primary motor cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the elevations produced by the underlying inferior olivary nuclei called?

    <p>Olives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brainstem contains the superior and inferior colliculi?

    <p>Midbrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pineal gland?

    <p>Secretion of melatonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the cuneate and gracile tubercles formed from?

    <p>Cuneate and gracile nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is the largest and can be easily observed projecting from the pons?

    <p>Trigeminal nerve (V)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the corpus callosum?

    <p>Communication between the two cerebral hemispheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures are collectively referred to as the corpus striatum?

    <p>Caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the basal ganglia?

    <p>Control of posture and movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nucleus forms the lateral wall of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle?

    <p>Head of caudate nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the limbic system?

    <p>Control of emotion, memory, behavior, and drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the limbic system has a foot-like appearance in the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle?

    <p>Hippocampus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the white matter tract that extends from the hippocampus to the mammillary bodies?

    <p>Fornix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the lentiform nucleus is the outer region?

    <p>Putamen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the black region within the midbrain that forms part of the basal ganglia?

    <p>Substantia nigra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the large white matter tract that connects the cerebral hemispheres?

    <p>Corpus callosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain structure does the vascular lesion in Pot 3 originate from?

    <p>Right lentiform nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is the internal capsule affected by the lesion in Pot 3?

    <p>Yes, there is minimal compression of the internal capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ventricle is compressed in Pot 3?

    <p>Right anterior horn of the lateral ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the origin of the haematoma in Pot 4?

    <p>Right lentiform nucleus, probably in the putamen or external capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which other regions has blood accumulated into in Pot 4?

    <p>White matter anterior and posterior to the lentiform nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathology seen in Pot 5?

    <p>Extradural haematoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can you identify the location of a second smaller pathology in Pot 5?

    <p>Midbrain, deep to the cerebral peduncles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which region of the lentiform nucleus is the outer region located?

    <p>Putamen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the large white matter tract that connects the cerebral hemispheres?

    <p>Corpus callosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the thalamus in the brain?

    <p>Relay sensory information to the cerebral cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is being compressed in the roof of the ventricle?

    <p>Corpus callosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can you identify the right lateral ventricle?

    <p>Yes, it is difficult to identify due to compression by the meningioma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Into which part of the lateral ventricle is the tumour projecting?

    <p>Anterior horn of the right lateral ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is the tumour within the lateral ventricle?

    <p>No, since the ependyma can be seen above the mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is lateral to the tumour?

    <p>Head of the caudate nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can you identify a smaller nodule (tumour) on the left side of the brain?

    <p>Yes, there is a small nodule inferior to the head of the caudate nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the left lateral ventricle is the meningioma?

    <p>Rostral aspect of the body of the left lateral ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures on each side have been displaced laterally by the meningioma?

    <p>Thalamus and internal capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is a paired mass of grey matter in the center of the brain?

    <p>Thalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rare genetic condition that causes benign tumours to develop?

    <p>Tuberous sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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