202 DR 2: Neuroanat 2 Organisation of the central nervous system
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Questions and Answers

Which structure connects the brainstem to the cerebellum?

  • Middle cerebellar peduncle (correct)
  • Trigeminal nerve (V)
  • Cerebral peduncle
  • Olive

What can be found on the anterior surface of the midbrain?

  • Pons
  • Medulla
  • Cerebral peduncles (correct)
  • Pyramid

Which cranial nerve is located on the ventral surface of the brainstem?

  • Trigeminal nerve (V) (correct)
  • Cerebral peduncle
  • Middle cerebellar peduncle
  • Olive

What is the function of the basilar artery?

<p>Supplies blood to the brainstem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the prosection session?

<p>Examining the brainstem and origins of the cranial nerves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two components of the basal ganglia?

<p>Pons and midbrain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the session on the ventricles?

<p>Locate the ventricles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain forms part of the limbic system and lies superior to the corpus callosum?

<p>Cingulate gyrus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the thalamus in the brain?

<p>Relay station for main sensory systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the hypothalamus located in relation to the thalamus?

<p>Below (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a blockage of the interventricular foramen?

<p>Non-communicating hydrocephalus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the communication between the third and fourth ventricle called?

<p>Cerebral aqueduct (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is responsible for the regulation of sleep, sexual behavior, and emotional behavior?

<p>Hypothalamus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is a paired mass of grey matter in the center of the brain?

<p>Thalamus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cerebral cortex do the motor fibers of the corticospinal tract mainly originate from?

<p>Primary motor cortex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the elevations produced by the underlying inferior olivary nuclei called?

<p>Olives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brainstem contains the superior and inferior colliculi?

<p>Midbrain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pineal gland?

<p>Secretion of melatonin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the cuneate and gracile tubercles formed from?

<p>Cuneate and gracile nuclei (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is the largest and can be easily observed projecting from the pons?

<p>Trigeminal nerve (V) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the corpus callosum?

<p>Communication between the two cerebral hemispheres (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structures are collectively referred to as the corpus striatum?

<p>Caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the basal ganglia?

<p>Control of posture and movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nucleus forms the lateral wall of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle?

<p>Head of caudate nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the limbic system?

<p>Control of emotion, memory, behavior, and drive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the limbic system has a foot-like appearance in the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle?

<p>Hippocampus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the white matter tract that extends from the hippocampus to the mammillary bodies?

<p>Fornix (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the lentiform nucleus is the outer region?

<p>Putamen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the black region within the midbrain that forms part of the basal ganglia?

<p>Substantia nigra (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the large white matter tract that connects the cerebral hemispheres?

<p>Corpus callosum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain structure does the vascular lesion in Pot 3 originate from?

<p>Right lentiform nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is the internal capsule affected by the lesion in Pot 3?

<p>Yes, there is minimal compression of the internal capsule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ventricle is compressed in Pot 3?

<p>Right anterior horn of the lateral ventricle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the origin of the haematoma in Pot 4?

<p>Right lentiform nucleus, probably in the putamen or external capsule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which other regions has blood accumulated into in Pot 4?

<p>White matter anterior and posterior to the lentiform nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathology seen in Pot 5?

<p>Extradural haematoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can you identify the location of a second smaller pathology in Pot 5?

<p>Midbrain, deep to the cerebral peduncles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which region of the lentiform nucleus is the outer region located?

<p>Putamen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the large white matter tract that connects the cerebral hemispheres?

<p>Corpus callosum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the thalamus in the brain?

<p>Relay sensory information to the cerebral cortex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is being compressed in the roof of the ventricle?

<p>Corpus callosum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can you identify the right lateral ventricle?

<p>Yes, it is difficult to identify due to compression by the meningioma. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Into which part of the lateral ventricle is the tumour projecting?

<p>Anterior horn of the right lateral ventricle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is the tumour within the lateral ventricle?

<p>No, since the ependyma can be seen above the mass. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is lateral to the tumour?

<p>Head of the caudate nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can you identify a smaller nodule (tumour) on the left side of the brain?

<p>Yes, there is a small nodule inferior to the head of the caudate nucleus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the left lateral ventricle is the meningioma?

<p>Rostral aspect of the body of the left lateral ventricle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structures on each side have been displaced laterally by the meningioma?

<p>Thalamus and internal capsule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is a paired mass of grey matter in the center of the brain?

<p>Thalamus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rare genetic condition that causes benign tumours to develop?

<p>Tuberous sclerosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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