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Questions and Answers
What are the three pathways by which apoptosis can be initiated in mammals?
The three pathways by which apoptosis can be initiated in mammals are the granzyme pathway, the extrinsic pathway (Fas-L), and the intrinsic pathway.
What are caspases and how are they activated in the process of apoptosis?
Caspases are cysteine proteases that are enzymes involved in the process of apoptosis. They are activated by a proteolytic cascade where one caspase activates another through cleavage of their N-terminal polypeptide sequence.
What is the difference between necrosis and apoptosis?
Necrosis occurs when a group of cells swells and bursts, releasing organelles into the surroundings and initiating an inflammatory response. It is not energy-dependent and is initiated by factors such as ischemia, toxins, or radiation. Apoptosis, on the other hand, is a programmed cell death mechanism that is energy-dependent and can be initiated by various intracellular and extracellular stimuli.
What are the three pathways that converge at Caspase-3 to initiate apoptosis?
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What are the two pro-apoptotic proteins released into the cytosol by changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential?
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What is the difference between necrosis and apoptosis?
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Study Notes
Apoptosis Initiation Pathways
- There are three pathways by which apoptosis can be initiated in mammals
Caspases and Apoptosis
- Caspases are a family of cysteine-aspartic acid proteases that play a central role in the execution of apoptosis
- Caspases are activated in the process of apoptosis, leading to the degradation of cellular components and ultimately, cell death
Necrosis vs. Apoptosis
- Necrosis is a form of unprogrammed cell death, often as a result of injury or infection
- Apoptosis, on the other hand, is a programmed form of cell death, where the cell undergoes a series of changes to eventually die
Apoptotic Pathways Converging at Caspase-3
- There are three pathways that converge at Caspase-3 to initiate apoptosis: the extrinsic pathway, the intrinsic pathway, and the ER stress pathway
Pro-Apoptotic Proteins Released by Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Changes
- Changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential lead to the release of two pro-apoptotic proteins, Cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO, into the cytosol
- These proteins play a crucial role in initiating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway
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Description
Test your knowledge on the mechanism of apoptosis with this informative quiz. Learn about the three pathways that repress apoptosis in healthy cells, as well as the role of Caspases in initiating the execution of apoptosis. This quiz is perfect for those interested in cellular biology and molecular mechanisms.
