American Pageant Chapter 37: The Stormy Sixties

What pivotal event is mentioned as a catalyst for the cultural and political upheavals that extended beyond the 1960s?

List three major social or political changes that occurred in America between 1963 and 1974.

Explain how the 'sexual revolution' and the 'feminist uprising' contributed to the reshaping of American society during the tumultuous period between 1963 and 1974.

Synthesize the transformations that occurred in the US between 1963 and 1974, discussing how events during that era laid the groundwork for contemporary American sociopolitical trends.

What specific type of discrimination did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ban in public accommodations?

What is the full name of the commission empowered to enforce the anti-discrimination law?

What unintended consequence arose from conservatives trying to block Title VII of the Civil Rights Act?

What action did Johnson take in 1965 to further support women and minorities in federal contracting?

Name the journalist and their work that significantly influenced Johnson's War on Poverty.

What was the name of Johnson's expansive domestic reform program that included the War on Poverty?

What specific power did Title VII of the Civil Rights Act grant to the federal government regarding segregation in schools?

Besides poverty reduction,name two other domains the Great Society Project invested in.

Who did the Republicans nominate to run against Lyndon B. Johnson in the 1964 presidential election?

What legislative action followed the Gulf of Tonkin Incident, and what power did it grant to the president?

Name three policies or programs criticized by Barry Goldwater during the 1964 election.

What was the key message conveyed by LBJ's campaign ad featuring the 'daisy girl' and a nuclear explosion, and how did it aim to influence voters?

What specific event prompted the passage of the Tonkin Gulf Resolution?

Who won the election of 1964?

What political shift facilitated the implementation of the Great Society programs?

Name one of the two cabinet departments created under President Johnson's administration.

Who was the first African American cabinet member, and what department did he lead?

Name one of the 'Big Four' areas that Johnson's Great Society aimed to improve.

What was the purpose of Project Head Start?

Identify the two medical care programs established in 1965 as part of the Great Society.

What did the Immigration and Nationality Act eliminate?

What was the new limit placed on the number of immigrants from the Western Hemisphere by the Immigration and Nationality Act?

What was the primary goal related to voting rights that LBJ pursued?

How did Great Society initiatives attempt to bypass the separation of church and state in the realm of education?

Explain how the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 altered the demographic sources of immigration to the United States.

What was the primary goal of the black movement in the South, beginning in 1964?

Which amendment abolished the poll tax in federal elections?

What devices were used to bar black people from the political process?

What was the name of the voter-registration drive in Mississippi during the summer of 1964?

In what city in Alabama did Martin Luther King, Jr. resume the voter-registration campaign in 1965?

What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 outlaw?

Besides outlawing literacy tests, what else did the Voting Rights Act do?

What state had the largest black minority?

Before the Voting Rights Act, what was one method Mississippi used to suppress the black vote?

What party's all-white "regulars" were challenged by the integrated Mississippi Freedom Democratic party at the Democratic National Convention?

What was the immediate impact of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 on migration patterns in the South, and why?

What was the significance of the timing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, passed exactly one hundred years after the conclusion of the Civil War?

What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 aim to eliminate?

What voting requirement did the Twenty-fourth Amendment eliminate?

In what state did the murders of three civil rights workers occur in June 1964?

What methods did state police use against the marchers in Selma?

What was the name given to the voter registration drive, in which both blacks and whites participated, during the summer of 1964?

What was the main approach advocated by Martin Luther King Jr.?

In what city did a major race riot occur, resulting in 34 deaths?

What organization influenced Malcolm X's early activism?

What was the main activity of the Black Panthers?

Who led the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and popularized the phrase 'Black Power'?

List two cities, besides Watts, where significant riots occurred in black ghettos.

What change occurred in schools within four years of Martin Luther King Jr.’s assassination?

What did the phrase 'Black Power' advocate for?

What was Elijah Poole's new name, after he founded the Nation of Islam?

Besides political and economic power, what aspect of black culture was emphasized by the Black Power movement?

What led to Malcolm X's death in 1965?

Prior to advocating for black power, in what type of civil rights activities did Stokely Carmichael and SNCC participate?

What is one reason given in the text for the rise of more radical approaches to civil rights in the mid-1960s?

Explain the irony regarding Malcolm X's stance on race relations.

What was the "uniqueness" in the black power movement?

What was the name of the bombing campaign initiated against North Vietnam in March 1965?

Who was the senator that held televised hearings which swayed public opinion against the Vietnam War?

What reason did pro-war advocates give for why the United States needed to remain in Vietnam?

What event triggered the beginning of the Six-Day War in June 1967?

What government agency did President Johnson order to spy on domestic antiwar activists?

What was the code name of the FBI's counterintelligence program used to investigate members of the peace movement?

Why was Defense Secretary McNamara removed from office?

Provide two reasons for growing antiwar sentiment in the U.S. by early 1968.

What was the name given to the North Vietnamese communists who attacked an American air base in Pleiku?

What reason did Washington 'hawks' give for defending America's action?

What term was used to describe the growing distrust between the U.S. government and its citizens regarding the Vietnam War?

In what way did the South Vietnamese become 'spectators' of their own war?

Which country withdrew from NATO in 1966 and ordered American troops out of the country?

In what way did President Johnson violate the CIA's charter?

What was Johnson's strategy related to increasing American force in Vietnam?

What action did many draft registrants take to avoid service in Vietnam?

What was the rationale behind Johnson's belief in a 'fine-tuned, step-by-step' escalation of American force in Vietnam?

Explain why the author writes that America '...seemed to be bringing more and more defeat upon itself' in Vietnam.

Describe the strategic miscalculation made by Johnson and his advisors regarding the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong's approach to the conflict.

What major military campaign did North Vietnam launch in January 1968?

What effect did the Tet Offensive have on the perception of the war's progress?

What did 'American brass' request from President Johnson, and what was his response?

How did the Vietnam War affect the Democratic Party in 1968?

Who was the 'voice of the doves' within the Democratic Party, advocating for peace?

Which other prominent Democrat entered the presidential race in 1968, joining Eugene McCarthy as a 'dove'?

What two major announcements did LBJ make regarding Vietnam and the upcoming election?

Who were the group of people that supported Eugene McCarthy?

In what way did LBJ's actions lead to the Democratic Party becoming 'wide open'?

Who assassinated Robert Kennedy in 1968?

Which political party nominated Hubert Humphrey for president in 1968?

What was a key plank in the Republican platform during the 1968 election?

Which political party, headed by George Wallace, advocated for the segregation of blacks?

What was the position of both the Republican and Democratic candidates on the Vietnam War in 1968?

Despite winning a significant portion of the black vote, which party lost the 1968 election?

According to advisors, what strategy did LBJ initially believe would lead to an easy victory in Vietnam?

What ultimately undermined LBJ's Great Society programs?

What was LBJ's stance towards escalating the Vietnam War during the election year?

Identify two factors that contributed to the Democratic Party's loss in the 1968 election, despite strong support from minority voters.

Explain how LBJ's approach to the Vietnam War simultaneously alienated both the 'hawks' and 'doves' within the political landscape.

Who was the Democratic nominee for president in 1968?

Name the Republican candidate for president in 1968.

What event led to antiwar protestors streaming into Chicago in 1968?

What was Richard Nixon's stance on the Vietnam War during the 1968 election?

Name one factor that contributed to Nixon's victory in the 1968 presidential election.

What ultimately caused Johnson's political downfall?

What was a common slogan used by young people during the cultural changes of the 1960s?

Which group from the 1950s is mentioned as an influence of the hippie generation?

Name one book and its author mentioned as a prelude for the hippie generation.

What social issue did the Students for a Democratic Society protest?

What was the name of the secret group that emerged from the Students for a Democratic Society?

What is the more common name for 'grass' in the 1960s?

What was the name of the protest that took place at the University of California at Berkeley in 1964?

What change is credited with making sex seem more casual during the 'sexual revolution' of the 1960s?

What epidemic primarily affected the gay male community in the 1980s?

Besides psychedelic drugs, what type of music is mentioned as gaining popularity during the protests?

What is the phrase used to describe 'dropping out' of school?

What social change did gays champion during the 1960s?

How did traditionalists characterize the counterculture generation?

Name one movie mentioned that hinted at frustrated youth.

What event at the University of California at Berkeley in 1964 marked one of the earliest organized protests against established authority?

Name one of the factors that contributed to the cultural upheavals of the 1960s, using the 'three Ps' framework.

What was the name of the underground terrorist group created by the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) by the end of the 1960s?

How did the religious views of educated and uneducated people change from the 1950s to the 1970s?

What event is described in the text as a series of riots that broke out in response to off-duty police officers attacking gay men?

Besides the United States, name one country where protests against the government occurred during the 1960s.

What was Mario Savio's critique of the University of California at Berkeley during the Free Speech Movement?

Analyze the connection between the Stonewall Rebellion and the broader sexual revolution of the 1960s. How did this event change the trajectory of LGBTQ+ rights?

Elaborate on the ways in which the introduction of the birth control pill not only impacted sexual behavior but also reshaped gender roles and women's liberation movements during the 1960s.

What strategy did Nixon employ, centered on transferring war responsibilities to the Vietnamese?

What principle, articulated in the Nixon Doctrine, guided U.S. foreign policy during the later stages of the Vietnam War?

Identify the two opposing factions within the American public during the Vietnam War, as described in the text.

What demographic did Nixon appeal to for support of his Vietnam War policies?

How did college attendance affect draft eligibility during the Vietnam War?

Which American demographic suffered casualties disproportionately during the Vietnam War?

What was the average age of Vietnam 'grunts' (ground soldiers)?

Name a factor that contributed to low morale among American soldiers during the Vietnam War.

What term describes the act of troops killing their own officers during the Vietnam War?

What specific event is mentioned as an example of the low morale and frustration during the Vietnam War?

What were U.S. troops accused of following the events at My Lai?

What country bordering South Vietnam was used by the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong as a base?

What event at Kent State University resulted in the death of four students?

Besides Kent State, at which other college did student deaths occur during protests against the Cambodian invasion?

What action did the Senate take regarding the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution?

What change was made to the draft that somewhat appeased American youths?

What amendment, ratified in 1971, lowered the voting age to eighteen?

What were the Pentagon Papers?

What specific event did the Pentagon Papers reveal had been misrepresented by the Kennedy and Johnson administrations, especially in 1964?

What impact did the Cambodian incursion and revelations like the Pentagon Papers have on the morale and attitudes of African American troops serving in Vietnam?

Explain the twofold effect the shooting at Jackson State, a historically black college, had on the anti-war movement, in contrast to Kent State.

What motivated Nixon to engage with both China and the Soviet Union despite their ideological differences?

What was the significance of Nixon's visit to China in 1972, and how did it influence U.S. relations with the Soviet Union?

What economic agreement did the U.S. make with the U.S.S.R following Nixon's visit, and what were the terms of the agreement?

What was agreed to by America and the Soviets during the Strategic Arms Limitations Talks (SALT)?

Why were the initial agreements from the Strategic Arms Limitations Talks (SALT) considered a 'hollow victory'?

What was the overall effect of improved relations with China and Russia?

Explain how Nixon's strategy with China and the USSR can be viewed as an example of realpolitik.

How did domestic issues in the U.S. and the USSR, such as food shortages, influence the dynamics of détente?

What were some of the limitations or criticisms of the détente policy, particularly concerning arms control?

How did Nixon's approach to China and the Soviet Union differ from previous administrations, and what long-term effects did it have on U.S. foreign policy?

How might Nixon justify involvement in Latin American governments, given the policy of detente?

What underlying tension still existed despite the détente (eased tensions)?

What factors, beyond Kissinger's secret meetings, contributed to paving the way for Nixon's visits to China and Russia?

Besides selling grain, how did the U.S. benefit from Nixon's visit to China and Russia?

How did the agreement to an anti-ballistic missile (ABM) reduction affect the arms race?

Aside from easing tensions, what other strategic goals might Nixon have had in mind when pursuing détente with China and the Soviet Union?

How did Nixon's personal beliefs influence détente?

Under whose leadership did the Supreme Court make a noticeable shift to the left?

What right was established in Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)?

The Escobedo and Miranda cases ensured that arrested individuals must be informed of what?

In New York Times v. Sullivan (1964), what standard had to be met for a public figure to successfully sue for libel?

Engel v. Vitale (1962) addressed what specific issue in schools?

What practice did Reynolds v. Sims (1964) aim to eliminate?

Who did Nixon appoint as chief justice in an attempt to shift the Supreme Court's ideological direction?

What was the significance of Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) in the context of legal representation?

Which Supreme Court decision, made during the Burger Court era, demonstrated that the court was no necessarily conservative?

What was Nixon's primary motivation for appointing new justices to the Supreme Court?

Explain how New York Times v. Sullivan (1964) altered the landscape for holding public figures accountable through libel laws.

What constitutional principle did the Supreme Court invoke in Engel v. Vitale (1962) to justify the removal of prayer and the Bible from public schools?

Explain the potential long-term consequences of Reynolds v. Sims (1964) on political representation and power dynamics within states.

What government programs saw increased funding under Nixon, contrary to expectations for a conservative president?

What was the purpose of the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program created during Nixon's presidency?

What was the 'Philadelphia Plan' and what was its goal?

How did the 'Philadelphia Plan' impact federal contracts?

In Griggs v. Duke Power Co. (1971), what did the Supreme Court rule regarding hiring practices?

What term describes the criticism that 'affirmative action' became 'preferential treatment'?

Who is considered the 'godmother' of the modern environmental movement and what influential work did she write?

Name two environmental laws passed during Nixon's presidency and what symbolic event coincided with their passage.

What economic measures did Nixon implement in 1971 to combat inflation?

What significant change did Nixon make to the U.S. monetary policy, ending a post-WWII system?

What political strategy did Nixon employ to broaden his support base, particularly in the South?

Explain how Nixon's actions regarding the gold standard impacted the Bretton Woods system.

How did Rachel Carson's Silent Spring influence environmental policy and public awareness during Nixon's presidency and beyond?