The Truce of Biak-na-Bato
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Questions and Answers

What did Aguinaldo express about the United States' role regarding Philippine independence?

  • He hoped for immediate independence from Spain.
  • He desired American advice and assistance in establishing a government. (correct)
  • He was indifferent about American involvement.
  • He demanded full military support from the United States.

    • What was Pratt's action that raised concerns among the U.S. government?

  • He gave the impression that independence would be granted. (correct)
  • He entered a formal alliance with the insurgents.
  • He directly assisted Aguinaldo with military forces.
  • He ignored the directives from the U.S. government.

    • What was Dewey's position regarding assisting Aguinaldo?

  • He actively supported Aguinaldo's efforts.
  • He entered into an alliance with Aguinaldo.
  • He expressed doubts about Aguinaldo's intentions.
  • He refused to assist Aguinaldo with military force. (correct)

    • What was Dewey's stance regarding his interaction with Filipino insurgents?

    <p>He acted based on instructions and did not assist them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the American view on colonies during this period from Aguinaldo?

    <p>America believed it needed no colonies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Pratt claim about the telegrams he sent to Aguinaldo?

    <p>He confirmed that they were all accurate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason for American involvement in the Cuban Revolution?

    <p>To protect American economic interests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a notable factor in the interactions between Americans and Filipinos?

    <p>Misunderstanding due to language barriers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concern did Dela Costa express about Pratt's actions?

    <p>They raised unrealistic expectations of independence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Aguinaldo describe as sacred and expected to be fulfilled by the U.S.?

    <p>The words of the Admiral and the American Consul.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Dewey express a desire to avoid?

    <p>Initiating a war of conquest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Dewey refrain from doing regarding Aguinaldo's requests?

    <p>He declined to provide military support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Teller Amendment associated with?

    <p>American intentions to annex Cuban territory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Aguinaldo hope for concerning the United States government's actions?

    <p>That they would recognize Philippine independence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way did Aguinaldo perceive the U.S. presence in the Philippines?

    <p>As a protector against Spanish rule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the frame of mind of the Filipinos during this period?

    <p>A belief in American intentions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event prompted the United States to declare war against Spain?

    <p>The sinking of the USS Maine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the investigation into the sinking of the USS Maine?

    <p>It lacked clear results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tactic did Aguinaldo use upon his return to the Philippines?

    <p>He purchased arms and ammunition for the revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the Mock Battle of August 13, 1898, play in the Spanish-American War?

    <p>It was staged to mislead the Filipinos and facilitate a handover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the siege conducted by Aguinaldo's troops on Intramuros?

    <p>The siege cut off the city's food and water supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who took command of the Spanish forces after Gov. Gen. Augustin was replaced?

    <p>Gov. Gen. Jaudines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened to the USS Olympia during the war?

    <p>It allowed Dewey to enter Manila Bay almost undetected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the situation of the Spanish ships during the Battle of Manila Bay?

    <p>They outnumbered American vessels but were poorly armed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the first payment amount agreed upon in the Treaty of Biak na Bato?

    <p>P400,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action did Aguinaldo and his men take after the failure of the truce?

    <p>They continued to resist against Spanish rule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How was the P400,000 utilized by Aguinaldo?

    <p>Deposited in a bank for safe keeping.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Consul Pratt assure Aguinaldo in their first meeting?

    <p>That America would aid the revolutionaries significantly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Aguinaldo hope for regarding American involvement during the second meeting?

    <p>That the U.S. would remain for a naval protectorate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition was attached to the payment of the second installment of P200,000?

    <p>When the arms surrendered exceeded 700.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the additional payment amount to civilians affected by conflict?

    <p>P900,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was entrusted with the safe-keeping of the invested funds?

    <p>Emilio Aguinaldo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant reason for the failure of the truce of Biak na Bato?

    <p>Trust issues led to continued resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What form of government did Aguinaldo establish in Hong Kong after the truce?

    <p>A Government-in-Exile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Truce of Biak na Bato

    • Major agreements included Aguinaldo and his men going into exile, and the payment of P800,000 to rebels in three installments.
    • The first payment of P400,000 was made upon departure; second payment of P200,000 when arms surrendered exceeded 700; final P200,000 given after a Te Deum and general amnesty.
    • An additional P900,000 was allocated for civilians affected by the conflict.

    Failure of the Truce

    • Trust issues persisted between Aguinaldo and the Spanish authorities, leading to continued resistance.
    • The agreement was broken, sparking renewed revolutionary fervor.

    Aguinaldo and Revolutionary Leaders in Hong Kong

    • Established a government-in-exile called the Supreme Council of Representatives of the People, known as the Hong Kong Junta.
    • Aguinaldo entrusted with the management of funds received from the truce.

    Use of the P400,000

    • Money was invested in banks (HSBC and Chartered Bank of Australia, India and China) for safety and future use.
    • Funded the living expenses of exiles and intended as capital for future insurrections.

    Initial Contact with Americans (1898-1899)

    • Aguinaldo and Consul Pratt discussed the broken Biak na Bato agreement, asserting the Filipinos' right to continue the revolution.
    • Pratt provided assurances that the U.S. would support Filipino independence, though he lacked authority to formalize these statements.

    Diplomatic Challenges

    • American diplomatic communication suffered from language barriers and a lack of understanding among Filipinos regarding formal diplomatic practices.
    • Filipinos were left with hopeful interpretations of American intentions, leading to challenges in negotiation.

    The Cuban Revolution Context

    • U.S. interest in Cuba's fight against Spain was fueled by economic reasons but initially involved limited military support.
    • The publication of a derogatory letter by Spanish official Dupuy De Lome sparked public outrage in the U.S.

    The Explosion of USS Maine

    • The battleship Maine exploded on February 15, 1898, killing about 250 Americans, serving as a catalyst for U.S. intervention in Cuba and the Philippines.
    • The subsequent investigation was inconclusive, yet it intensified calls for war against Spain.

    Declaration of War

    • The U.S. Congress declared war on Spain on April 25, 1898.
    • Commodore Dewey led a naval squadron to the Philippines, entering Manila Bay on May 1, 1898, effectively without detection.

    The Battle of Manila Bay

    • The Spanish fleet was outnumbered and poorly armed, leading to a decisive American victory on May 1, 1898.
    • The battle marked a significant point in the U.S. military's efforts to defeat Spanish colonial rule.

    Aguinaldo's Return

    • Aguinaldo secretly traveled to Singapore, motivated to return to the Philippines and revive the revolution.
    • Upon returning to Hong Kong, he used funds to acquire arms and ammunition for Filipino forces.

    Road to Aguinaldo's Return

    • Aguinaldo returned to Manila on May 19, aboard the U.S. warship McCulloch.
    • He promptly issued proclamations to galvanize support for continued resistance against Spanish rule.

    The Siege of Manila

    • U.S. forces blockaded Manila Bay to prevent Spanish reinforcements.
    • Filipinos, led by Aguinaldo, surrounded Intramuros, halting supply lines to the Spanish stationed there.

    The Spanish-American Secret Agreement

    • Dewey attempted negotiations with Spanish Governor-General Augustin; his replacement was General Jaudines, who recognized an untenable Spanish position.
    • Underlying tensions led to plans for a mock battle to convey a façade of American military action.

    The Mock Battle

    • A staged engagement on August 13, 1898, where U.S. forces attacked without Filipino assistance, created an illusion of a robust military operation.
    • Manila was formally surrendered to American authorities on August 14, 1898, following the mock battle.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the significant agreements made during the Truce of Biak-na-Bato, a crucial event in Philippine history. Learn about the terms agreed upon by Aguinaldo and Primo de Rivera, including the details of financial reparations and exiles of revolutionary leaders. Test your knowledge on this pivotal chapter of the Philippine Revolution.

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