The Transcontinental Railroad and Western Settlement - Henretta, Chapter 15 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What role did the government play in the task of building railroads in the U.S.?

  • The government actively built and managed the railroads.
  • The government provided financial support and land grants to encourage railroad construction. (correct)
  • The government only regulated the railroad industry.
  • The government had no involvement in the construction of railroads.

    • How did tariffs align with the Republican vision of developing the American economy?

  • Republicans relied on high tariffs to protect American industries and promote economic growth. (correct)
  • Tariffs were seen as hindrances to economic growth and were eliminated by the Republicans.
  • Tariffs were implemented solely to benefit foreign trade, not the American economy.
  • Republicans believed in low tariffs to encourage international trade.

    • What made farming on the Great Plains particularly challenging?

  • Plentiful resources that made farming too competitive.
  • Favorable weather conditions that attracted too many farmers.
  • Abundance of water sources making irrigation difficult.
  • The lack of fertile soil and harsh climatic conditions. (correct)

    • How did Americans like to portray their westward expansion?

    <p>Americans portrayed it as an easy path to wealth and success.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Frederick Jackson Turner, what has been the significance of the frontier in American history?

    <p>The closing of the frontier marked the end of a crucial phase in American development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the underlying cause of the Sand Creek massacre and the Fetterman massacre?

    <p>Conflict over land and resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the outlook of reformers differ from that of the Colorado militiamen who carried out the Sand Creek massacre?

    <p>Reformers focused on peaceful coexistence while militiamen sought to eradicate Native Americans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of Indian boarding schools?

    <p>To assimilate Native American children into mainstream American culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Battle of Little Big Horn (1876)?

    <p>It symbolized resistance and defiance by Native American warriors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was 'deskilling' in the context of industrialization?

    <p>The devaluation and simplification of labor tasks to reduce skilled requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Indian Problem and Industrialization

    • The United States government and reformers had different outlooks on how to handle the "Indian problem"; reformers believed in education and assimilation, while the Colorado militiamen responsible for the Sand Creek massacre believed in violent removal.
    • The Indian boarding schools were established to "civilize" Native American children by forcing them to abandon their native cultures and adopt European-American culture.
    • Life in these schools was harsh, with students facing physical and emotional abuse, forced labor, and prohibition from speaking their native languages.
    • The Dawes Severalty Act (1887) aimed to assimilate Native Americans into European-American culture by dividing tribal land into individual allotments, but it led to the loss of Native American land and cultural identity.
    • The Battle of Little Big Horn (1876) was a significant defeat for the US government, as Native American tribes defended their land against the US Army's 7th Cavalry Regiment.

    Industrialization and Business

    • Industrialization led to the growth of big business, with companies like US Steel and Standard Oil dominating their respective markets.
    • The "managerial revolution" saw the rise of professional managers who oversaw the production process, leading to greater efficiency and lower costs.
    • "Vertical integration" involved companies controlling every stage of production, from raw materials to finished goods.
    • "Predatory pricing" involved companies temporarily lowering prices to drive out competition, then raising them once they had a monopoly.
    • A "trust" was a business arrangement in which companies pooled their resources to dominate a market, leading to anti-competitive practices.

    Impact of Industrialization

    • Industrialization led to the growth of "white-collar" jobs, but also led to the de-skilling of workers and the rise of "scientific management," which treated workers as machines.
    • Industrialization had a negative impact on workers' health and the environment, as well as on women, children, and black Americans, who faced exploitation and discrimination.
    • The rise of industrialization led to the growth of consumerism, with new commercial activities emerging to shape consumer demand.

    The Transcontinental Railroad and Western Settlement

    • The Transcontinental Railroad was a key component of the Republican vision for the United States, promoting westward expansion and economic growth.
    • The government played a significant role in building the railroad, offering land grants and subsidies to companies.
    • Railroads were the first modern "big businesses," with large corporations dominating the industry.
    • The gold standard was adopted to stabilize the economy, but it limited the government's ability to respond to economic downturns.
    • The Republicans supported the development of western lands, but farming on the Great Plains was challenging due to the climate and soil conditions.
    • Farmers had to adapt to survive, but many small independent farmers struggled to make a living due to the harsh conditions and lack of support.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the nation envisioned by Republicans in Congress as the Civil War ended, the influence of neo-Hamiltonian ideas, William Seward's trade strategies in Asia and Latin America, the U.S. railroad building approach, and the government's involvement in the process.

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