The Thermodynamics of Water-Ice Transformation
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Questions and Answers

According to the first law of thermodynamics, the change in internal energy of a system during a transformation is equal to

  • $Q - W$
  • $Q \div W$
  • $Q \cdot W$
  • $Q + W$ (correct)

    • Which of the following is true about exothermic reactions?

  • They have no change in heat
  • They release heat (correct)
  • They absorb heat
  • They convert heat into work

    • What is the term used to describe the energy stored in certain biological molecules, such as ATP?

  • Mechanical energy
  • Thermal energy
  • Chemical energy (correct)
  • Electrical energy

    • Which process converts sunlight into chemical energy?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes bioenergetics?

    <p>The study of energy transformations in living organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first law of thermodynamics?

    <p>Energy can be converted from one form to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of energy transduction?

    <p>Wind turbines converting mechanical energy to electrical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do thermodynamic measurements help determine?

    <p>The direction of events and the need for energy input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the first and second laws of thermodynamics, what happens to the entropy as the energy of the universe remains constant?

    <p>The entropy increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the equation $delta G = delta H - T delta S$ represent?

    <p>The change in free energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a negative value of $delta G$ indicate?

    <p>The process is thermodynamically favorable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a positive value of $delta G$?

    <p>The process is not spontaneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the second law of thermodynamics, events tend to proceed from a state of higher energy to a state of lower energy. This is because

    <p>lower energy states are more stable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between entropy and the random movements of particles of matter?

    <p>Entropy is associated with the increase in disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a sugar cube dissolves in a cup of hot water, what happens to the entropy of the system?

    <p>The entropy of the system increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the availability of energy and the randomness of the universe?

    <p>As the randomness of the universe increases, the availability of energy decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the equilibrium constant, Keq?

    <p>Keq can be greater than or less than 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the dissociation constant, Kd, measure?

    <p>The tendency of two molecules to stick together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction will a reaction proceed if Keq is greater than 1?

    <p>Forward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equilibrium constant, Keq, for the reaction A + B -> C + D?

    <p>[A] + [B] / [C] + [D]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which illustration in Figure 3.3 depicts an increase in the entropy of the universe?

    <p>Illustration B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the entropy of the system when a sugar cube dissolves in a solution?

    <p>The entropy of the system increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the entropy of an organism decrease?

    <p>By increasing the entropy of its environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between information content and entropy in macromolecules?

    <p>Macromolecules with high information content have low entropy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is true about the ratio of reactants to products at equilibrium?

    <p>The ratio is determined by the relative free-energy levels of the reactants and products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the total free energy of the reactants is greater than the total free energy of the products?

    <p>The reaction proceeds in the direction of formation of products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens as the reaction proceeds?

    <p>The difference in free-energy content between the reactants and products decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens at equilibrium?

    <p>The difference in free-energy content between the reactants and products is zero.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is not a useful term when comparing the energetics of various reactions?

    <p>because it depends on the reaction mixture present at a given time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what conditions is the free-energy change of a biochemical reaction considered?

    <p>298 K and 1 atm of pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

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