The Laws of Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics

• The laws of thermodynamics primarily apply to the branch of science known as physics.

Relationships Established

• The laws of thermodynamics establish relationships between heat, work, and energy.

Definitions

• The laws of thermodynamics define the fundamental physical quantities of thermodynamic systems, such as internal energy, entropy, and temperature.

Fundamental Laws

• There are four fundamental laws of thermodynamics that are traditionally recognized.

Zeroth Law

• The zeroth law of thermodynamics defines the concept of thermal equilibrium, which is achieved when the temperatures of two systems are the same.
• The zeroth law is primarily concerned with the concept of temperature and its measurement.

Characterized Quantities

• The laws of thermodynamics characterize physical quantities such as energy, entropy, and temperature.

Limitations

• The laws of thermodynamics preclude the possibility of perpetual motion machines and spontaneous transfer of heat from a colder body to a hotter body.

Applicability

• In addition to thermodynamics, the laws of thermodynamics are also applicable to fields such as chemistry, biology, and engineering.

Most Fundamental Law

• The second law of thermodynamics was recognized as the most fundamental after the first three laws had been established.