Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was Timbuktu known for during the Songhai Empire?
What was Timbuktu known for during the Songhai Empire?
- Center of Muslim studies and culture (correct)
- Military strategy
- Trade of textiles
- Agricultural production
The Songhai Empire was smaller than the Ghana and Mali empires.
The Songhai Empire was smaller than the Ghana and Mali empires.
False (B)
Who invaded the Songhai Empire?
Who invaded the Songhai Empire?
The sultan of Morocco
Internal __________ and disorder weakened the Songhai Empire.
Internal __________ and disorder weakened the Songhai Empire.
Match the following empires with their significance:
Match the following empires with their significance:
Which factor contributed to the weakening of the Songhai Empire?
Which factor contributed to the weakening of the Songhai Empire?
The unification of territories in the Songhai Empire was achieved without warfare.
The unification of territories in the Songhai Empire was achieved without warfare.
What was the status of the Songhai Empire in relation to Ghana and Mali?
What was the status of the Songhai Empire in relation to Ghana and Mali?
Who became a king and laid the foundations for the future prosperity of Mali?
Who became a king and laid the foundations for the future prosperity of Mali?
Mansa Musa was known for his pilgrimage across the Sahara to Mecca.
Mansa Musa was known for his pilgrimage across the Sahara to Mecca.
What did Abu Bakari II dream of achieving?
What did Abu Bakari II dream of achieving?
Mansa Musa showcased wealth by bringing ________ slaves and ________ ounces of gold on his pilgrimage.
Mansa Musa showcased wealth by bringing ________ slaves and ________ ounces of gold on his pilgrimage.
Which ruler is known for leading the capture of Timbuktu?
Which ruler is known for leading the capture of Timbuktu?
Abu Bakari II successfully reached the end of the ocean during his expeditions.
Abu Bakari II successfully reached the end of the ocean during his expeditions.
What empire grew stronger as Mali was weakened by internal rivalries?
What empire grew stronger as Mali was weakened by internal rivalries?
Match the following rulers to their actions:
Match the following rulers to their actions:
Which of the following countries did they reach?
Which of the following countries did they reach?
The Middleworld is considered the abode of the gods.
The Middleworld is considered the abode of the gods.
What were the main crops cultivated?
What were the main crops cultivated?
The god who cared for forests and fields is known as _____ .
The god who cared for forests and fields is known as _____ .
Match the following names with their descriptions:
Match the following names with their descriptions:
What is the meaning of 'Halach uinic'?
What is the meaning of 'Halach uinic'?
Hunters and farmers prayed to Yum Kaax before planting seeds.
Hunters and farmers prayed to Yum Kaax before planting seeds.
Name the three worlds defined in their belief system.
Name the three worlds defined in their belief system.
What is one of the primary livelihoods of the Olmec civilization?
What is one of the primary livelihoods of the Olmec civilization?
The Casacjal block was the first example of written language found in the Americas.
The Casacjal block was the first example of written language found in the Americas.
What sport is referenced that originated from the Olmec civilization?
What sport is referenced that originated from the Olmec civilization?
The colossal heads of the Olmec civilization are believed to represent the parts where the __ resides.
The colossal heads of the Olmec civilization are believed to represent the parts where the __ resides.
What is the estimated height of the colossal heads created by the Olmec?
What is the estimated height of the colossal heads created by the Olmec?
The sap from rubber trees was not used by the Olmec civilization.
The sap from rubber trees was not used by the Olmec civilization.
What significant role did colossal heads serve in Olmec society?
What significant role did colossal heads serve in Olmec society?
The head image of an Olmec leader weighs approximately __ tons.
The head image of an Olmec leader weighs approximately __ tons.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Olmec colossal heads?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Olmec colossal heads?
What was the capital of the Aztec Empire?
What was the capital of the Aztec Empire?
The Aztecs primarily relied on nomadic hunting for sustenance.
The Aztecs primarily relied on nomadic hunting for sustenance.
Name one of the two calendars used by the Maya.
Name one of the two calendars used by the Maya.
The Aztecs created artificial islands called ______ to increase arable land.
The Aztecs created artificial islands called ______ to increase arable land.
Match the following crops with the Aztec civilization:
Match the following crops with the Aztec civilization:
Which of the following best describes chinampas?
Which of the following best describes chinampas?
What was the most important offering in the religious practices mentioned?
What was the most important offering in the religious practices mentioned?
Texcoco was one of the major cities that helped form the Aztec Empire.
Texcoco was one of the major cities that helped form the Aztec Empire.
What is one purpose of the Mayan codices?
What is one purpose of the Mayan codices?
Machu Picchu is located in the Andes Mountains in Peru.
Machu Picchu is located in the Andes Mountains in Peru.
What type of fabric is commonly associated with the cultural practices mentioned?
What type of fabric is commonly associated with the cultural practices mentioned?
The main crops cultivated by the Aztecs included corn, beans, squash, ______, and avocados.
The main crops cultivated by the Aztecs included corn, beans, squash, ______, and avocados.
The ________ lines are giant geoglyphs carved into the ground in Peru.
The ________ lines are giant geoglyphs carved into the ground in Peru.
Match the civilization with its notable feature:
Match the civilization with its notable feature:
What material were houses typically made of in the cultural practices discussed?
What material were houses typically made of in the cultural practices discussed?
The road system included the registration of trade and soldier counts.
The road system included the registration of trade and soldier counts.
Who was the Spanish conqueror known for conquering the Inca Empire?
Who was the Spanish conqueror known for conquering the Inca Empire?
The ________ of the sun was a significant temple in the mentioned culture.
The ________ of the sun was a significant temple in the mentioned culture.
What were the Nazca Lines primarily used for?
What were the Nazca Lines primarily used for?
Flashcards
Sundiata's Reign
Sundiata's Reign
Sundiata, a king of Mali, expanded the kingdom, established its territory, and built foundations for future prosperity and political unity. He also controlled trade routes.
Abu Bakari II's Expedition
Abu Bakari II's Expedition
Abu Bakari II, ruler of Mali, wanted to reach the sea and explore beyond. He led an expedition that didn't return.
Mansa Musa's Pilgrimage
Mansa Musa's Pilgrimage
Mansa Musa, a devout Muslim ruler of Mali, reached the height of Mali's power. He made a pilgrimage to Mecca, displaying immense wealth with 12,000 slaves and 50,000 ounces of gold.
Songhai Empire Growth
Songhai Empire Growth
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Sunni Ali's Actions
Sunni Ali's Actions
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Timbuktu's Capture
Timbuktu's Capture
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Askia Mohammed's Rule
Askia Mohammed's Rule
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Mali's Decline
Mali's Decline
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Songhai Empire
Songhai Empire
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Timbuktu's importance
Timbuktu's importance
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Songhai's size
Songhai's size
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Songhai's decline
Songhai's decline
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Territorial unification
Territorial unification
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Olmec Civilization
Olmec Civilization
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Colossal Heads
Colossal Heads
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Cascajal Block
Cascajal Block
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Olmec Livelihood
Olmec Livelihood
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Olmec Worship
Olmec Worship
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Jade
Jade
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Cascajal Block Writing
Cascajal Block Writing
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Olmec Colossal Head Size
Olmec Colossal Head Size
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Olmec Stone Sculptures
Olmec Stone Sculptures
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Religious Significance (Olmec)
Religious Significance (Olmec)
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Maya Religion
Maya Religion
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Maya Crops
Maya Crops
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Maya Trade
Maya Trade
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Yum Kaax
Yum Kaax
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Maya Regions
Maya Regions
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Maya leadership
Maya leadership
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Hunahpu
Hunahpu
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Xbalanque
Xbalanque
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Aztec Origin
Aztec Origin
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Chinampas
Chinampas
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Aztec Empire Formation
Aztec Empire Formation
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Key Aztec Crops
Key Aztec Crops
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Aztec Trade and Crafts
Aztec Trade and Crafts
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Mayan Irrigation
Mayan Irrigation
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Mayan Field Terraces
Mayan Field Terraces
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Mayan Numeral System
Mayan Numeral System
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Mayan Temple
Mayan Temple
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Mayan Calendar
Mayan Calendar
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What was Coricancha?
What was Coricancha?
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What was Machu Picchu?
What was Machu Picchu?
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What was the Inca's weaving technique like?
What was the Inca's weaving technique like?
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What were the Inca's houses made of?
What were the Inca's houses made of?
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Why was the Inca road system important?
Why was the Inca road system important?
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What were the Quipu used for?
What were the Quipu used for?
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What are Nazca Lines?
What are Nazca Lines?
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What are geoglyphs and how were they made?
What are geoglyphs and how were they made?
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Who was Francisco Pizarro?
Who was Francisco Pizarro?
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Study Notes
Classical Societies - Africa
- Africa is considered the origin of early humans.
- The Egyptian civilization flourished in North Africa.
- Modern humans are believed to have lived in the eastern region of sub-Saharan Africa.
Kingdoms of Kush
- Kerma: Its economy included agriculture, hunting, herding, pottery, and metalwork.
- Napata: It was the center of Kush during the period of the New Kingdom in Egypt.
- Meroë: It became the center of Kushite civilization, had fertile lands, gold and bronze mines, and trade routes.
Kingdom of Aksum
- The Aksum kingdom ruled in modern-day Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, and Somalia.
- Their economy was based on farming, herding, and trade with the exchange of gold and ivory.
- Aksum was the first sub-Saharan state to have its own currency and adopt Christianity.
The Ghana Empire
- The Soninke people built the Ghana Empire.
- Kumbi Saleh was the capital.
- One part of Kumbi Saleh was a business center with a Muslim majority. The other part was the king's residence and the center of Soninke culture.
- The Soninke acted as agents for traders of salt and gold.
- The ruler was known as the "King of Gold" who controlled the mineral trade.
- The king taxed jewelry and other goods, which supported officials and provided a lavish lifestyle.
- The king was like a god to the people and their spiritual guide.
- Muslim invasions were repelled in 1076.
- Warfare disrupted trade and agriculture. Merchants moved to other towns.
- The Mandingo group conquered Ghana, establishing the Mali Empire.
The Mali Empire
- Mali was taken over by the Mandingo people of Mali.
- Islam spread during the Mali reign.
- Timbuktu became a center of Islamic trade and culture.
- Sundiata became a king and expanded the kingdom.
- Sundiata established the territorial base of the empire. He laid the foundations for its future prosperity and political unity.
- Mali gained control of the caravan trade routes and its revenues.
- Abu Bakari II, the ruler of Mali, explored the world beyond. He led a fleet but was never heard from again.
- Mansa Musa, brother of Abu Bakari, led Mali to its peak of power.
- He made a pilgrimage to Mecca and showed great wealth by displaying 12,000 slaves and 50,000 ounces of gold.
The Songhai Empire
- Songhai grew strong when Mali weakened.
- Sunni Ali led the capture of Timbuktu.
- Askia Mohammed seized the throne in 1493.
- Territories in an Islamic empire were united by launching wars.
- Timbuktu became famous as a center of Muslim studies and culture.
- Songhai was the last great Sudanic empire. It was greater than Ghana or Mali.
- Internal rivalries and disorder weakened Songhai.
- The Sultan of Morocco invaded Songhai.
- Songhai never recovered, and no new power replaced it.
Egypt
- Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt were the beginning kingdoms of Egypt.
- King Menes united these two kingdoms and established the first dynasty.
- The capital of the Old Kingdom was Memphis.
- Pharaohs were regarded as gods with absolute rule over Egypt including government and military.
- Thebes was the capital during the Middle Kingdom.
- The Hyksos conquered Egypt during the Middle Kingdom.
- The Egyptians built pyramids as burial places for pharaohs.
- Hieroglyphics was the system used for writing.
- The Egyptians used mummification to preserve dead bodies.
- Polytheism was the dominant faith.
Pacific Islands
- European explorer Jules-Sebastien-Cesar Dumont D'Urville categorized Pacific communities into Melanesian, Micronesian, and Polynesian.
- Melanesia ("Black Islands"): The islands include Vanuatu, Fiji, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea.
- Micronesia ("Small Islands"): The islands include Federated States of Micronesia, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Palau, Guam Northern Mariana Islands, and Wake Islands.
- Polynesia ("Many Islands"): The islands include New Zealand, French Polynesia, Wallis and Futuna, Tokelau, American Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu, Samoa, Hawaii, Easter Islands, and Cook Islands.
Pacific Islands - Economy
- The economy of the Pacific Islands includes agriculture, fishing, and maritime trade.
The Americas
- Olmec, Teotihuacan, Maya, Aztec, Inca were some of the civilizations that developed in the Americas.
- Olmec: Established communities along the Gulf of Mexico. They were known as the Mother Culture of the Americas.
- Teotihuacan: It was the first city in Mesoamerica. It was the largest trading center in Mesoamerica. Teotihuacan was eventually attacked and burned.
- Maya: The Maya were established on the Yucatán Peninsula between Mexico and Guatemala. They ruled over five countries: Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador.
- Aztec: The Aztec originated from the dry land of Aztlan and established a settlement in Lake Texcoco. Tenochtitlan (Mexico) became the capital city. The Aztec were known for building chinampas (artificial islands) to increase arable land.
- Inca: The Inca Empire consisted of the present-day countries: Peru, Chile, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Argentina. The center of government was in the valley of Cuzco, and their official language was Quechua. The Inca were known for their road system, weaving, and their houses made of adobe.
The Americas - Contributions
- Olmec: Drainage systems, calendars, and colossal heads (sculptures of their leaders).
- Teotihuacan: Carved figures and masks from polished stone (obsidian). Colorful pottery.
- Maya: Irrigation and field terraces; numerical system (Mayan positional number system), Mayan calendar (Haab and Tzolkin), Mayan codices.
- Aztec: They were good at agriculture and trade and had pottery, ornamentation, and textile weaving.
- Inca: Road system, Quipu (a system for recording information, measuring, birth, death, trade, and soldier counts), and Nazca Lines (giant shapes carved into the ground).
The Americas - Gods and Religious Practices
- Olmec: Dragon, Jaguar, Feathered Serpent, Fish Monster, Bird Monster, Banded Eye God.
- Maya: Hun Hunahpu (God of Maize) and Yum Kaax (God who cared for forests and fields
- Aztec: Huitzilopochtli (God of war and the sun)
- Inca: Coricancha ("Temple of the Sun") was a main place of worship.
The Americas - Conquerors
- The arrival of the Spanish under Hernán Cortés greatly impacted the Aztec.
- The conquest of the Inca was done under Francisco Pizarro.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the Songhai Empire and its significance in history. This quiz covers important rulers, events, and comparisons with other empires like Ghana and Mali. Discover the factors that contributed to its rise and fall, as well as key historical figures such as Mansa Musa.
