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Clin phys 7- Skin and Hair Quiz

Test your knowledge of skin layers and keratin structure with this informative quiz. Learn about the functions and characteristics of the epidermal layers, the composition and synthesis of keratin, and the key components and functions of the dermis. Challenge yourself to understand the role of collagen and the importance of vitamin C in collagen formation.

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Questions and Answers

What is the most important function of the stratum corneum?

Prevents penetration of microbes and dehydration

Where is the stratum lucidum located?

Immediately below the stratum corneum

What is the main component of the stratum corneum?

Dead skin cells full of keratin and filaggrin

What is the thickness range of the epidermis in thick skin?

<p>0.4 – 1.4 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the subcutaneous layer of the skin?

<p>Reduces heat, fluid, and electrolyte loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the epidermis is only present in thick skin?

<p>Stratum lucidum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic pattern of hair loss in men with Androgenetic Alopecia?

<p>Posterior and lateral scalp are spared</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic pattern of hair loss in women with Androgenetic Alopecia?

<p>Mid-frontal hair loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes acute telogen effluvium?

<p>Metabolic or hormonal stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does hair loss occur in acute telogen effluvium?

<p>2-3 months later</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of recovery in acute telogen effluvium?

<p>6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a flat lesion that is smaller than 5mm called?

<p>Macule</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of arrector pili?

<p>Pulling the hair shaft into an erect position</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase marks the beginning of hair growth?

<p>Anagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are hair follicles primarily located?

<p>Dermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the skin contains loose areolar and adipose tissue?

<p>Hypodermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of vitiligo?

<p>Immune system attack on melanin-producing cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which skin lesion is described as a raised, palpable, solid lesion?

<p>Papule</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the granulosum layer in the epidermis?

<p>Re-organizing keratin and reducing water loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the epidermis contains stem cells, melanocytes, sensory receptors, and resident immune cells?

<p>Basale layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vitamin C is crucial in the formation of.....

<p>collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of collagen forms 90% of the body's collagen and provides the most structural strength?

<p>Type I</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the dermis in terms of layers and their content?

<p>Papillary layer with sensory receptors, reticular layer with loose CT</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the flexibility or hardness of keratin?

<p>Presence of disulphide bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the corneum layer in the epidermis?

<p>Providing protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which skin lesion is characterized by a defect in the epidermis, extending at least to the dermis level?

<p>Ulcer</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a cyst and an abscess?

<p>Cysts are lined by epithelium, while abscesses are not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to describe the accumulation or excess shedding of the stratum corneum, which can be dry or waxy-feeling?

<p>Scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a vesicle skin lesion?

<p>A serous fluid-filled blister</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to describe a solid bump on the skin that is round-topped and contains no fluid?

<p>Papule</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a macule and a papule?

<p>Elevation: Macules are flat, while papules are raised.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer houses edema in atopic dermatitis (eczema)?

<p>Epidermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following skin lesions with their descriptions:

<p>Macule = Flat lesion smaller than 5mm Papule = Raised, flat lesion Vesicle = Serous fluid filled smaller than 5mm Abscess = Pocket of purulent fluid, not lined by epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

<p>Ulcer = Defect in the epidermis, down to dermis level Telangiectasias = Dilated arterioles, venules visible to naked eye Scale = Accumulation or excess shedding of stratum corneum Hemangiomas = Vessel-rich, red or violet growths</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following skin conditions with their primary characteristics:

<p>Atopic dermatitis = Repetitive episodes of itchy, erythematous, edematous macular-papular rash Androgenetic Alopecia = Characteristic pattern of hair loss in men and women Acute telogen effluvium = Sudden hair loss due to stress or shock Vitiligo = Loss of skin color in blotches</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following skin lesion terms with their definitions:

<p>Cyst = Pocket of fluid lined by epithelium Nodule = Solid bump, round-topped, no fluid larger than 5mm Bulla(e) = Pus-filled Papule = Round, solid, no fluid in it, smaller than 5mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following skin distribution areas with their corresponding locations:

<p>Extensor surfaces = Areas of the body where the skin is stretched by underlying joints Face = Front part of the head, from the forehead to the chin Scalp = Top and back of the head, including the hair Distribution = Arrangement or location of skin lesions on the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

Both flat raised lesions and solid, rounded bumps with no fluid and smaller than 5mm are known as papule

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

reticular layer is the thickest layer if the skin

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Skin Layers and Keratin Structure Overview

  • The corneum layer is only found in thick skin of the palms, soles, and digits, with a size of 3-5 cell layers, providing protection.
  • The granulosum layer is located between the corneum and spinosum layers, with 3-5 cell layers and functions in re-organizing keratin and reducing water loss.
  • The spinosum layer, superficial to the basale layer, has 8-10 cell layers and is actively synthesizing keratin, eventually making up 50% of cell mass.
  • The basale layer, the deepest epidermal layer, contains stem cells, melanocytes, sensory receptors, and resident immune cells.
  • Keratin is a fibrous protein with a repeating secondary structure, rich in hydrophobic amino acid residues, and can be flexible or hard depending on disulphide bonds.
  • The dermis consists of the papillary layer, containing loose connective tissue and sensory receptors, and the reticular layer, housing various structures.
  • Collagen, including type I, II, and III, forms 90% of the body's collagen, with the most structural strength and is produced by fibroblasts.
  • Collagen has a unique amino acid sequence, Gly-X-Y, with glycine fitting well into the triple helix, while hydroxyproline and proline provide twists and kinks.
  • Vitamin C is crucial for collagen formation and crosslinking of hydroxylated amino acids.
  • Collagen synthesis involves fibroblasts producing tropocollagen fibers, which are then assembled into fibrils and fibers outside the cell.
  • Fibroblasts, or other cells, produce tropocollagen fibers that are secreted into the extracellular matrix and assembled into fibrils and fibers.
  • These fibrils and fibers are linked to proteoglycans and glycoproteins outside the cell.

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