The Skeletal System Quiz

The Skeletal System

• An infant’s skeleton contains 300 bones.
• An adult's skeleton contains 206 bones.
• Bones are made up of proteins and minerals like calcium and phosphorus.
• Cartilage is soft and flexible tissue present in infants, it is replaced with bone as they grow.
• Calcium helps strengthen bones.
• Bone growth stops around the age of 25.

Types of Bones

• Long Bones: Found in the upper and lower limbs, long and narrow, help support body weight and movement. Example: Femur.
• Short Bones: Found in the wrists and ankles, cube-shaped, provide stability and limited movement. Example: Carpal Bones (wrist).
• Flat Bones: Found in the skull, ribs, breastbone, and hips, thin and flat, provide a surface for muscle attachment and protection for organs like the brain, heart, and lungs. Example: Skull, Ribs, Breastbone, Hips.
• Irregular Bones: Vary in shape and structure, found in the spinal column and hips, protect internal organs like the spinal cord. Example: Vertebral Column.
• Sesamoid Bones: Small, round bones found in tendons, located in the hands, knees, and feet. Example: Patella (kneecap).

Parts of the Skeleton

• Axial Skeleton: Includes the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column.
• Appendicular Skeleton: Includes bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulders, and hips.

Bones in the Body

• Skull: Protects the brain, face, and jaw.
• Rib Cage: Protects the heart and lungs.
• Vertebral Column (Spinal Column): Connected to the pelvis, provides support for the body, and helps protect the spinal cord.
• Shoulder: Clavicle (collar bone), scapula (shoulder blade), and humerus (upper arm bone).
• Chest: Sternum (breastbone).
• Pelvis: Supports the body's weight.
• Upper Limb: Bones include the humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges (bones in fingers).
• Lower Limb: Bones include the femur (thigh bone), tibia and fibula (leg bones), patella (kneecap), tarsals (ankle bones), metatarsals (foot bones), and phalanges (bones in toes).

Muscular System

• More than 600 muscles are present in the human body.
• Muscles are responsible for movement, maintaining body posture, and generating heat.

Types of Muscles

• Cardiac Muscle: Involuntary muscle that makes up the heart, regulated by pacemakers, does not get tired.
• Smooth Muscle: Involuntary muscle found in internal organs and blood vessels, helps with digestion and urination. Examples: esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Smooth muscle contractions are called peristalsis, which helps move solids and liquids through the digestive and urinary tracts.
• Skeletal Muscle: Voluntary muscle attached to bones via tendons, helps with walking, standing, and facial expressions. Examples: facial muscles, deltoids (shoulder and upper arm), biceps (front of upper arm), triceps (back of upper arm), pectoral (chest muscles), abdominal muscles, quadriceps (front of the thigh), and gluteus maximus (buttocks muscles).

How the Muscular and Skeletal Systems Work Together

• The muscular system allows for movement of the skeletal system, allowing for actions like walking, running, and reaching.
• The skeletal system provides structure and support for the muscular system, allowing muscles to attach to bones.

Taking Care of the Muscular and Skeletal Systems

• Nutrition: Eat a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D to strengthen bones and muscles.
• Rest & Sleep: Getting adequate rest and sleep is crucial for muscle repair and bone growth.
• Posture: Maintaining good posture helps prevent strain on muscles and bones.
• Exercise: Regular exercise strengthens bones and muscles, improves flexibility, and helps maintain healthy body weight.
• Safety: Be careful when playing and moving quickly to avoid injuries.

Common Injuries

• Dislocation: A bone is moved out of its normal position in a joint.
• Sprain: An injury to a ligament, which is a band of tissue that connects bones.
• Fracture: A broken bone.

The Integumentary System (Human Skin)

• Consists of hair, nails, skin, glands, and nerves.

Layers of the Skin

• Epidermis: Outermost layer, waterproof barrier, contains pores and hair shafts, composed of dead skin cells that are constantly replaced.
• Dermis: Beneath the epidermis, contains blood vessels, nerve endings, connective tissues, hair follicles, oil glands, and sweat glands.
• Subcutaneous Fat: Bottom layer, made of fat, serves as a shock absorber and insulator.

Taking Care of Your Skin

• Wash regularly with soap and water.
• Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water.
• Wear protective clothing to prevent sun damage.
• Eat a balanced diet and exercise regularly.
• Consult a dermatologist if you have any skin problems.
• Trim nails regularly.
• Maintain a positive mental attitude.