The Skeletal System PDF

  THE SKELETAL SYSTEM The framework of the human body  BONES Infant - contains 300 bones Adult - 206 bones When you were a baby, most of your bones are made up of cartilage (soft and flexible tissue). as you grow the cartilage are slow...

  THE SKELETAL SYSTEM The framework of the human body  BONES Infant - contains 300 bones Adult - 206 bones When you were a baby, most of your bones are made up of cartilage (soft and flexible tissue). as you grow the cartilage are slowly replaced bones through the help of calcium (mineral that helps strengthen the bones. By the age of 25, this process of tissue replacement stops and the bones stop growing  Bones the main part of the skeletal system made up of proteins and minerals such as calcium and phosphorus. Type of Bones Where is it present Description Example Long Bones upper and lower limbs long and narrow Femur bones that help (Pronounced as support the body fi-mur) weight and facilitate movement Type of Bones Where is it present Description Example short bones wrist and ankles cube-shaped bones carpal bones that provide stability (wrist) and have little or no movement Type of Bones Where is it present Description Example skull, ribs, thin and flat bones that flat bones breastbone, hips Skull, ribs, provide a broad surface breastbone, hips for the muscles to attach. they protect some internal organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs  Type of Bones Where is it present Description Example irregular bones spinal column, hips vary in shape and Vertebral structure. They help column protect some internal organs such as the spinal cord.  Type of Bones Where is it present Description Example Sesamoid bones Tendons (strong Patella fibrous collagen small, round bones in tissues attaching a the tendons of the muscle to a bone) hands, knees, and feet PARTS OF SKELETON Appendicular Skeleton Axial Skeleton includes bones of the upper and consists of the skull, the rib cage, lower limbs, the shoulders, and and the vertebral column hips  thick, flat, and strong bone that protects your head. your face and jaw also have bones in them. skull and breastbone are immovable or fixed.  these are movable bones located in the upper and lower limbs bones that make up fingers, toes, knees, and elbows.  Shoulder blade is connected to the humerus (upper arm bone) The lower parts of your Attached to the breastbone is body also contains bones the rib cage, which is that are connected to your connected to the bones at the pelvis. back called the spinal column Bones in Shoulder and These are Femur (thigh (vertebral column or chest backbone) bone) and the tibia and Clavicle - collar bone fibula (leg bones) which scapula -shoulder blade The spinal column is help support your weight sternum - breastbone connected to the pelvis (hip bone)       Muscular Sytem The Human Muscles  Muscular System There are more than 600 muscles in your body Muscles come in different shapes and sizes. Your muscles help you move. they give shape and form to your body. without muscles you couldn’t make facial expressions. maintain your body posture when you are moving. muscles maintain the normal temperature of the body by producing heat whenever movement occurs. Function of Muscles  Cardiac Smooth Skeletal Types of Muscles Types of Muscles Involuntary muscle composes the walls of the heart Cardiac pacemakers- specialized group of cells that regulate the heartbeat. these muscles don’t get tired. Types of Muscles Cardiac Types of Muscles Involuntary muscle located in the internal organs and blood vessels aids in digestion and urination esophagus, stomach, and intestine Cardiac Smooth Skeletal Peristalsis (peri-stalsis)- the rhythmic contraction of smooth muscles in digestive and urinary tract. Peristalsis allows solids and liquids to move within the digestive and urinary tracts. Types of Muscles Skeletal  Voluntary Muscle muscles attached to to bones through tendons. helps you do various movements such as walking, standing, and standing. Skeletal Facial Muscles Deltoids - muscles in the shoulder and upper arm Biceps - muscles in front of the upper arm triceps - muscles at the back of the upper arm Pectoral (pec-to-ral) - chest muscles abdominal muscles Quadriceps (quad-ri-ceps) - muscles in the front of the thighs Gluteus (glu-teus) maximus - buttocks muscles How the Organs of the Muscular and Skeletal Systems Work Together  Taking Care of the Muscular and Skeletal Systems Eat food that are good for Get enough rest and your bones and muscles sleep Maintain good Be careful when playing posture and moving quickly Exercise regularly  Dislocation, sprain, and fracture are types of injuries that affect the body's bones, joints, and ligaments. Dislocation Sprain Fracture  The Integumentary System: Human Skin Pronunciation: in·​teg·​u·​men·​ta·​ry Composed of hair, nails, skin, glands, and nerves Layers of the Skin  Dermis beneath the epidermis contains blood vessels, nerve endings, Epidermis connective tissues, hair follicles, oil glands, and sweat glands Melanin - a pigment produced by a special group of cells called melanocytes. Sweat glands - produce sweat This layer serves as waterproof barrier against external Oil glands - produce oil or sebum damage, dirt, UV rays, and pollutions. hair follicles - where hair grows. Hair serves as contains pores and hair shaft. touch receptors of skin. The base of hair follicle is composed mostly of dead skin cells every minute you lose about 30 000 - 40 000 dead skin cells surrounded with nerve endings. and replaced in two weeks up to a month. Collagen and elastin - provides firmness and elasticity.  Subcutaneous Fat the bottom layer of the skin made mostly of fat serves as the shock absorber of the body helps the body stay warm each hair follicle has roots that are attached to the subcutaneous fat.  Taking Care of Your Skin Take a bath once or twice a Have enough rest and day to keep your skin clean sleep Have a well-balanced Wash your hair regularly diet and regular exercise Cut your hair at the desired Wear clean, neat and length that you can maintain proper clothes  Taking Care of Your Skin Consult a dermatologist if you have skin problem Regularly cut your or trim Always stay hydrated your fingernails and toenails Have a positive attitude everyday.