Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of bone is primarily designed to absorb shock and provide stability in joints?
Which type of bone is primarily designed to absorb shock and provide stability in joints?
- Short bones (correct)
- Irregular bones
- Long bones
- Flat bones
Which bone marking is characterized as a large, rounded prominence that articulates with another bone?
Which bone marking is characterized as a large, rounded prominence that articulates with another bone?
- Epicondyle
- Condyle (correct)
- Tuberosity
- Trochanter
How many long bones are typically found in the human body?
How many long bones are typically found in the human body?
- 90 (correct)
- 48
- 36
- 28
Which of the following is NOT considered a projection type of bone marking?
Which of the following is NOT considered a projection type of bone marking?
What is the primary function of flat bones in the human body?
What is the primary function of flat bones in the human body?
What distinguishes sesamoid bones from other types of short bones?
What distinguishes sesamoid bones from other types of short bones?
Which type of bones are categorized as having an irregular shape and do not fit into the other classification categories?
Which type of bones are categorized as having an irregular shape and do not fit into the other classification categories?
What type of bone should you expect to encounter in the carpals and tarsals of the hands and feet?
What type of bone should you expect to encounter in the carpals and tarsals of the hands and feet?
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Study Notes
Classification of Bones According to Shape
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Long Bones: Longer than width, consisting of two heads and a shaft; primarily compact tissue.
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Found in the appendicular skeleton; there are 90 long bones in the human body.
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Examples include humerus, femur.
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Short Bones: Generally cube-shaped and primarily composed of spongy bone.
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There are 28 short bones, specifically the carpals and tarsals.
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Sesamoid Bones: Specialized short bones formed within tendons.
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Examples include the pisiform (a carpal bone) and the patella.
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Flat Bones: Thin, flattened, and usually curved; consist of two layers of compact bone enclosing spongy diploe.
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Total of 36 flat bones in the body.
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Examples include the sternum, ribs, and cranial bones.
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Irregular Bones: Do not fit into any other categories and have irregular shapes.
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There are 48 irregular bones in the body.
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Examples include vertebrae and some facial bones.
Definition of Bone Markings
- Distinctive features on bones that provide attachment points for muscles, tendons, ligaments, facilitate blood vessel passage, and serve as joint attachments.
Projections
- Condyle: Large, rounded prominence articulating with another bone.
- Epicondyle: Smaller prominence near a condyle.
- Line: Narrow ridge of bone, less prominent than a crest.
- Process: Bony outgrowth or projection.
- Ramus: Arm-like bar of bone.
- Trochanter: Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (only found on the femur).
- Tubercle: Small, rounded bump.
- Tuberosity: Large, roughened bump.
- Crest: Ridge or sharp edge.
- Spine: Slender, pointed projection.
Depressions
- Fissure: Narrow, slit-like opening.
- Foramen: Hole or opening in a bone.
- Fossa: Shallow, dish-shaped depression.
- Fovea: Small, pit-like depression.
- Groove: Furrow.
- Meatus: Passage or canal.
- Notch: Deep indentation.
- Sinus: Cavity within bone, filled with air and lined with mucus.
- Sulcus: Groove or furrow.
Articulations
- Facet: Small, flat surface allowing for articulation.
- Head: Rounded, articular surface.
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