The Skeletal System Part 1

Questions and Answers

Which type of bone is primarily responsible for protection and has a curved shape?

Flat bones (correct)

Irregular bones

Short bones

Long bones

All bones in the body can be classified into only four categories.

False

What is the function of the epiphyseal plate in long bones?

Growth plate for lengthening the bone.

The yellow bone marrow is found in the ______ cavity of long bones.

medullary Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of bone to its description:

Long bones = Longer than they are wide, e.g., humerus Short bones = Cube-shaped, e.g., wrist and ankle bones Irregular bones = Complicated shapes, e.g., vertebrae Sesamoid bones = Bones that form within tendons, e.g., patella Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of bones?

Osseous connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

Bones are only responsible for supporting the body and do not play a role in movement.

False Signup and view all the answers

What process occurs within the marrow cavities of bones?

Hematopoiesis Signup and view all the answers

Bones serve as a reservoir for minerals, especially calcium and __________.

phosphorus Signup and view all the answers

Match the following functions of bones with their descriptions:

Support = Framework for the body Protection = Case for vital organs Mineral storage = Reservoir for calcium Blood cell formation = Production of blood cells in marrow Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Overview of Bones

Bones are classified as organs and are made up of various tissue types, primarily osseous connective tissue.
Calcification gives bones their sturdy and rigid matrix.

Functions of Bones

Support: Provides a structural framework for the body and protects soft organs.
Protection: Shields vital organs, including the brain and spinal cord, from injury.
Movement: Serves as levers for muscles, facilitating movement.
Mineral Storage: Acts as a reservoir for minerals, notably calcium and phosphorus, containing over 90% of these reserves.
Blood Cell Formation: Hematopoiesis takes place within the marrow cavities, specifically red bone marrow found in spongy bone.
Energy Storage: Yellow marrow stores fat.

Bone Classification

By Shape:
- Long Bones: Longer than wide (e.g., humerus).
- Short Bones: Cube-shaped (e.g., wrist and ankle bones).
- Flat Bones: Thin and curved (e.g., sternum, skull bones).
- Irregular Bones: Bones with complex shapes (e.g., vertebrae, hip bones).
- Sesamoid (Round) Bones: Bones that form within tendons (e.g., patella).
By Structure:
- Axial Skeleton: Comprises bones of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.
- Appendicular Skeleton: Includes bones of limbs, shoulder, and hips.

Bone Structure

External Structure:
- Epiphyses: Expanded ends of long bones with a compact bone exterior and spongy bone interior, covered in articular cartilage.
- Diaphysis: Long tubular shaft of bones composed of compact bone surrounding the medullary cavity, containing yellow marrow.
Internal Structure:
- Spongy Bone: Contains red marrow for blood cell production.
- Compact Bone: Dense and forms the outer layer of bones.
- Medullary Cavity: Central cavity containing yellow marrow.
- Epiphyseal Plate (“Growth Plate”): Found in children, facilitates bone growth.

Parts of a Long Bone

Epiphysis: Distal and proximal ends.
Diaphysis: Tubular shaft.
Compact Bone: Outer layer.
Spongy Bone: Interior.
Articular Cartilage: Joint surfaces.
Periosteum: Protective outer layer.
Endosteum: Lining of the internal cavity.
Medullary Cavity: Contains marrow (red and yellow).
Trabeculae: Network of bone in spongy bone.

Structure of Short, Irregular, and Flat Bones

Composed of thin plates of compact bone, covered by periosteum on the outside and endosteum on the inside.
Lack diaphysis and epiphyses, with bone marrow situated between trabeculae.

Description

Explore the intricate functions and structures of the skeletal system in this quiz. Learn about the composition of bones and their vital roles in supporting and protecting the body. Perfect for students in health sciences and rehabilitation studies.