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Questions and Answers
What is NOT a function of bones?
What is NOT a function of bones?
Which type of bone tissue is characterized by its strength and density?
Which type of bone tissue is characterized by its strength and density?
Which cell type in bone tissue is responsible for forming new bone?
Which cell type in bone tissue is responsible for forming new bone?
How many bones make up the adult human skeleton?
How many bones make up the adult human skeleton?
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Which of the following is NOT classified as a part of the skeletal system?
Which of the following is NOT classified as a part of the skeletal system?
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Which of these cell types is NOT involved in the maintenance of bone tissue?
Which of these cell types is NOT involved in the maintenance of bone tissue?
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What are osteoclasts primarily responsible for in the bone tissue?
What are osteoclasts primarily responsible for in the bone tissue?
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What type of skeleton comprises the skull, vertebrae, and ribs?
What type of skeleton comprises the skull, vertebrae, and ribs?
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What is the primary function of osteons in compact bone?
What is the primary function of osteons in compact bone?
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What are trabeculae in spongy bone primarily aligned along?
What are trabeculae in spongy bone primarily aligned along?
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Which part of the skeleton forms the longitudinal structure of the body?
Which part of the skeleton forms the longitudinal structure of the body?
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Which bone does not articulate with any other bone?
Which bone does not articulate with any other bone?
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How are the bones of the skull characterized in terms of their connections?
How are the bones of the skull characterized in terms of their connections?
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What separates the vertebrae in the vertebral column?
What separates the vertebrae in the vertebral column?
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What distinguishes the mandible from other skull bones?
What distinguishes the mandible from other skull bones?
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What is a characteristic feature of the vertebral column?
What is a characteristic feature of the vertebral column?
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What type of movement is described as decreasing the angle of the joint?
What type of movement is described as decreasing the angle of the joint?
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Which movement involves turning a bone around its own long axis?
Which movement involves turning a bone around its own long axis?
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What is the opposite of abduction?
What is the opposite of abduction?
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Which type of movement allows for the distal end of a limb to move in a circle while the joint remains stationary?
Which type of movement allows for the distal end of a limb to move in a circle while the joint remains stationary?
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What does hyperextension refer to?
What does hyperextension refer to?
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Which of the following movements decreases the angle between the bones and brings them closer together?
Which of the following movements decreases the angle between the bones and brings them closer together?
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In which plane does abduction primarily occur?
In which plane does abduction primarily occur?
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Which movement involves increasing the angle between two bones?
Which movement involves increasing the angle between two bones?
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What is the role of joints in the skeletal system?
What is the role of joints in the skeletal system?
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What is a characteristic of synovial joints?
What is a characteristic of synovial joints?
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Which of the following bones comprises the thigh?
Which of the following bones comprises the thigh?
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Which bones are included in the lower limb?
Which bones are included in the lower limb?
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How are joints classified functionally?
How are joints classified functionally?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of fibrous joints?
Which of the following is a characteristic of fibrous joints?
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What combination of bones makes up the foot?
What combination of bones makes up the foot?
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Which structure is responsible for distributing weight in the foot?
Which structure is responsible for distributing weight in the foot?
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Which type of synovial joint permits sliding movements between flat or nearly flat bone surfaces?
Which type of synovial joint permits sliding movements between flat or nearly flat bone surfaces?
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What type of joint allows for rotation around a central axis and is classified as uniaxial?
What type of joint allows for rotation around a central axis and is classified as uniaxial?
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What is a characteristic movement of hinge joints?
What is a characteristic movement of hinge joints?
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Which of the following joints are known for permitting both flexion and extension as well as abduction and adduction?
Which of the following joints are known for permitting both flexion and extension as well as abduction and adduction?
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What type of synovial joint includes examples such as the metacarpophalangeal joints?
What type of synovial joint includes examples such as the metacarpophalangeal joints?
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Which synovial joint type allows for both flexion and extension as well as restricted circumduction?
Which synovial joint type allows for both flexion and extension as well as restricted circumduction?
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Saddle joints are unique because they allow for which specific type of movements?
Saddle joints are unique because they allow for which specific type of movements?
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What type of joint has a thin and lax joint capsule that allows movement primarily in one direction?
What type of joint has a thin and lax joint capsule that allows movement primarily in one direction?
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Study Notes
The Skeletal System
- The skeletal system comprises bones, joints, cartilages, and ligaments.
- It's divided into two main parts: axial and appendicular skeletons.
- The axial skeleton forms the body's longitudinal axis.
- The appendicular skeleton includes the limbs and their supporting girdles.
- Bones provide support, protection, leverage for movement, mineral storage, and blood cell formation.
- A human skeleton consists of 206 bones.
- Bone types include long, short, flat, and irregular bones.
- Compact bone and spongy bone form the structural units of a bone.
- Compact bone is dense, while spongy bone consists of a network of trabeculae.
- Osteons, also called Haversian systems, are the structural units of compact bone.
- Osteons are elongated cylinders oriented parallel to the bone's long axis.
- Trabeculae in spongy bone align precisely along lines of stress.
- Five primary cell types compose bone tissue: osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, bone-lining cells, and osteoclasts.
Bone Markings
- Bone markings serve as points for muscle and ligament attachments.
- Markings include tuberosities—large rounded projections; crests—narrow ridges; lines—narrow ridges, less prominent than crests; trochanters—very large, blunt projections; tubercle—small rounded projection; epicondyles—raised areas above condyles; spines—sharp, pointed projections; and processes—any bony prominence.
- Protrusions like heads, facets, condyles, and rami are also bone markings.
- Depressions and openings are the sites that blood vessels and nerves pass through.
- These are commonly found as grooves, furrows, fissures, foramina, meatus, and sinuses.
Bones of the Upper Limb
- The hand is composed of carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges.
Bones of the Lower Limb
- The foot is composed of tarsus, metatarsals, and phalanges.
The Skull
- The skull comprises the cranium (braincase) and facial bones.
- Sutures are the joints between skull bones.
- Only the mandible connects to the skull by a freely movable joint.
Paranasal Sinuses
- Hollow regions within bones surrounding the nasal cavity.
- These cavities include frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, and maxillary sinuses.
The Hyoid Bone
- The only bone that doesn't connect to another bone in direct contact.
- This bone acts as the movable base for the tongue.
The Vertebral Column
- Vertebrae are separated by intervertebral discs.
- The spinal column displays natural curves.
- Each vertebra has a name based on its location (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx).
- Each vertebra has important structural features like the vertebral body, vertebral arch with processes, and foramina.
The Bony Thorax
- The bony thorax (rib cage) is characterized by true ribs (1-7), false ribs (8-12), and floating ribs (11-12).
- The structures include the sternum (manubrium, body, xiphoid process), ribs, intercostal spaces, costal cartilages, and related structures.
The Appendicular Skeleton
- The appendicular skeleton includes the pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle), pelvic girdle, and the upper and lower limbs.
Joints
- Joints are the articulations of bones.
- Joint functions include holding bones together and enabling mobility.
- Joints are categorized structurally into fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints, or functionally into immovable, slightly mobile, and freely moveable joints.
- Synovial joints contain cartilage, synovial fluid, ligaments, and more (articular capsule).
Types of Synovial Joints
- Based on shape, synovial joints include plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, and ball-and-socket joints.
- These joints permit varying degrees of movement, e.g., gliding, angular, rotational, circumduction, and other types of movements.
Gender Differences in the Pelvis
- There are differences between male and female pelvis structures linked to reproductive functions.
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Description
Explore the structures and functions of the skeletal system in this quiz. Learn about the components such as bones, joints, and ligaments, as well as the classification of the axial and appendicular skeletons. Test your knowledge on bone types and their roles in the human body.
