The Self in the Social World: Self-Awareness and the Spotlight Effect
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Questions and Answers

What is the spotlight effect?

  • Overestimating the extent to which others' attention is focused on oneself (correct)
  • Seeing oneself as less important than others in social situations
  • Underestimating one's own abilities and traits
  • Ignoring the opinions of others in self-assessment

    • How is self-concept defined?

  • All the thoughts and feelings an individual has about themselves (correct)
  • The opinions others have about a person
  • The skills and talents a person possesses
  • The way a person views their place within a group or society

    • Which term describes visions of the self an individual wants to become or fears becoming?

  • Possible selves (correct)
  • Looking-glass self
  • Trait self-esteem
  • Self-verification

    • What does reflected appraisal refer to?

    <p>Perceptions of how others see us</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor affects self-esteem by leading to feelings of incompetence or confidence?

    <p>Personal successes and failures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the desire to get feedback that confirms what individuals already know about themselves called?

    <p>Self-verification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological state helps individuals evaluate whether the actual events in their lives match the standards they have set for themselves?

    <p>Self-awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of components of the self, what is the possible self?

    <p>A vision of the self one wants to be or fears becoming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept is defined as the way a person thinks about and views their traits, beliefs, and purpose within the world?

    <p>The Self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of social comparison involves comparing oneself to individuals who are better off in some aspect?

    <p>Upward social comparison</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor leads to feelings of incompetence and low self-esteem according to the text?

    <p>Failures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the desire to learn favorable things about the self known as?

    <p>Self-enhancement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory states that things only become meaningful in comparison to others?

    <p>Social comparison theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes an enduring sense of self-worth integral to one's identity?

    <p>Trait self-esteem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of comparison involves comparing oneself to individuals worse off in some aspect?

    <p>Downward social comparison</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity based on personal attributes?

    <p>Independent self-construal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the psychological state in which one takes oneself as an object of attention and helps in decision-making processes?

    <p>Self-awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory describes the concept that individuals see themselves at the center stage and overestimate the extent to which others pay attention to them?

    <p>Spotlight Effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for all the thoughts and feelings a person has about themselves, forming an overall image arising from self-knowledge gained through introspection?

    <p>Self-concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept involves giving priority to group goals over personal goals and defining one's identity in terms of group identifications rather than personal attributes?

    <p>Collectivism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the desire to receive feedback that confirms the existing knowledge individuals have about themselves?

    <p>Self-verification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor leads to shifts in self-esteem according to different contextual factors?

    <p>Personal successes and failures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the text, what is defined as the enduring behaviors, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people?

    <p>Culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Upward social comparison" involves comparing oneself to whom?

    <p>&quot;People better than yourself in some aspect&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Reflective appraisal" refers to individuals' perceptions of what?

    <p>&quot;How others see us&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Trait Self-esteem" is characterized by what type of sense of self-worth according to the text?

    <p>&quot;Enduring&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the belief in one's capabilities to achieve a goal in varied situations?

    <p>Self-efficacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept involves perceiving outcomes as either controllable by personal efforts or influenced by external forces beyond one's control?

    <p>Locus of control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological state is learned when a person feels they have no control over repeated failures?

    <p>Learned helplessness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tendency involves overestimating the commonality of one's opinions, beliefs, and actions?

    <p>False uniqueness effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the desire to present a favorable image to both external and internal audiences known as?

    <p>Self-presentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept involves attributing positive events to one's character but negative events to external factors?

    <p>Self-Serving Bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of social comparison involves comparing oneself to individuals less fortunate in some aspect?

    <p>'Downward social comparison'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory asserts that individuals see themselves in a more favorable light than others see them?

    <p>'Self-serving bias'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Basking in Reflected Glory', 'False Modesty', and 'Ingratiation' are examples of strategies used in which of the following?

    <p>'Impression management'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the tendency to perceive oneself in a favorable light and attribute positive events to one's character but negative events to external factors?

    <p>Self-Serving Bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the learned sense of hopelessness and resignation when a person perceives no control over repeated failures?

    <p>Learned Helplessness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tendency involves attributing positive events to one's character and negative events to external factors?

    <p>Self-Serving Bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the belief of how effective a behavior will be in achieving a goal during any circumstance?

    <p>Self-Efficacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept involves overestimating the commonality of one's opinions, beliefs, and actions?

    <p>False Consensus Effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Basking in Reflected Glory', 'False Modesty', and 'Ingratiation' are examples of strategies used in which of the following?

    <p>Impression Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Internal' and 'External' are terms associated with which concept?

    <p>Locus of Control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the False Uniqueness Effect involve?

    <p>Underestimating commonality of one’s beliefs and successful behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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