The Self in the Social World: Self-Awareness and the Spotlight Effect

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What is the spotlight effect?

Overestimating the extent to which others' attention is focused on oneself (correct)

Seeing oneself as less important than others in social situations

Underestimating one's own abilities and traits

Ignoring the opinions of others in self-assessment

How is self-concept defined?

All the thoughts and feelings an individual has about themselves (correct)

The opinions others have about a person

The skills and talents a person possesses

The way a person views their place within a group or society

Which term describes visions of the self an individual wants to become or fears becoming?

Possible selves (correct)

Looking-glass self

Trait self-esteem

Self-verification

What does reflected appraisal refer to?

Perceptions of how others see us Signup and view all the answers

Which factor affects self-esteem by leading to feelings of incompetence or confidence?

Personal successes and failures Signup and view all the answers

What is the desire to get feedback that confirms what individuals already know about themselves called?

Self-verification Signup and view all the answers

What psychological state helps individuals evaluate whether the actual events in their lives match the standards they have set for themselves?

Self-awareness Signup and view all the answers

In the context of components of the self, what is the possible self?

A vision of the self one wants to be or fears becoming Signup and view all the answers

Which concept is defined as the way a person thinks about and views their traits, beliefs, and purpose within the world?

The Self Signup and view all the answers

What type of social comparison involves comparing oneself to individuals who are better off in some aspect?

Upward social comparison Signup and view all the answers

Which factor leads to feelings of incompetence and low self-esteem according to the text?

Failures Signup and view all the answers

What is the desire to learn favorable things about the self known as?

Self-enhancement Signup and view all the answers

Which theory states that things only become meaningful in comparison to others?

Social comparison theory Signup and view all the answers

What term describes an enduring sense of self-worth integral to one's identity?

Trait self-esteem Signup and view all the answers

What type of comparison involves comparing oneself to individuals worse off in some aspect?

Downward social comparison Signup and view all the answers

What term describes giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity based on personal attributes?

Independent self-construal Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the psychological state in which one takes oneself as an object of attention and helps in decision-making processes?

Self-awareness Signup and view all the answers

Which theory describes the concept that individuals see themselves at the center stage and overestimate the extent to which others pay attention to them?

Spotlight Effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for all the thoughts and feelings a person has about themselves, forming an overall image arising from self-knowledge gained through introspection?

Self-concept Signup and view all the answers

Which concept involves giving priority to group goals over personal goals and defining one's identity in terms of group identifications rather than personal attributes?

Collectivism Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to the desire to receive feedback that confirms the existing knowledge individuals have about themselves?

Self-verification Signup and view all the answers

Which factor leads to shifts in self-esteem according to different contextual factors?

Personal successes and failures Signup and view all the answers

In the text, what is defined as the enduring behaviors, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people?

Culture Signup and view all the answers

"Upward social comparison" involves comparing oneself to whom?

"People better than yourself in some aspect" Signup and view all the answers

"Reflective appraisal" refers to individuals' perceptions of what?

"How others see us" Signup and view all the answers

"Trait Self-esteem" is characterized by what type of sense of self-worth according to the text?

"Enduring" Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the belief in one's capabilities to achieve a goal in varied situations?

Self-efficacy Signup and view all the answers

Which concept involves perceiving outcomes as either controllable by personal efforts or influenced by external forces beyond one's control?

Locus of control Signup and view all the answers

What psychological state is learned when a person feels they have no control over repeated failures?

Learned helplessness Signup and view all the answers

Which tendency involves overestimating the commonality of one's opinions, beliefs, and actions?

False uniqueness effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the desire to present a favorable image to both external and internal audiences known as?

Self-presentation Signup and view all the answers

Which concept involves attributing positive events to one's character but negative events to external factors?

Self-Serving Bias Signup and view all the answers

What type of social comparison involves comparing oneself to individuals less fortunate in some aspect?

'Downward social comparison' Signup and view all the answers

Which theory asserts that individuals see themselves in a more favorable light than others see them?

'Self-serving bias' Signup and view all the answers

'Basking in Reflected Glory', 'False Modesty', and 'Ingratiation' are examples of strategies used in which of the following?

'Impression management' Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to the tendency to perceive oneself in a favorable light and attribute positive events to one's character but negative events to external factors?

Self-Serving Bias Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the learned sense of hopelessness and resignation when a person perceives no control over repeated failures?

Learned Helplessness Signup and view all the answers

Which tendency involves attributing positive events to one's character and negative events to external factors?

Self-Serving Bias Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the belief of how effective a behavior will be in achieving a goal during any circumstance?

Self-Efficacy Signup and view all the answers

Which concept involves overestimating the commonality of one's opinions, beliefs, and actions?

False Consensus Effect Signup and view all the answers

'Basking in Reflected Glory', 'False Modesty', and 'Ingratiation' are examples of strategies used in which of the following?

Impression Management Signup and view all the answers

'Internal' and 'External' are terms associated with which concept?

Locus of Control Signup and view all the answers

What does the False Uniqueness Effect involve?

Underestimating commonality of one’s beliefs and successful behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

The Self in the Social World: Self-Awareness and the Spotlight Effect

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Questions and Answers

What is the spotlight effect?

How is self-concept defined?

Which term describes visions of the self an individual wants to become or fears becoming?

What does reflected appraisal refer to?

Which factor affects self-esteem by leading to feelings of incompetence or confidence?

What is the desire to get feedback that confirms what individuals already know about themselves called?

What psychological state helps individuals evaluate whether the actual events in their lives match the standards they have set for themselves?

In the context of components of the self, what is the possible self?

Which concept is defined as the way a person thinks about and views their traits, beliefs, and purpose within the world?

What type of social comparison involves comparing oneself to individuals who are better off in some aspect?

Which factor leads to feelings of incompetence and low self-esteem according to the text?

What is the desire to learn favorable things about the self known as?

Which theory states that things only become meaningful in comparison to others?

What term describes an enduring sense of self-worth integral to one's identity?

What type of comparison involves comparing oneself to individuals worse off in some aspect?

What term describes giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity based on personal attributes?

What term describes the psychological state in which one takes oneself as an object of attention and helps in decision-making processes?

Which theory describes the concept that individuals see themselves at the center stage and overestimate the extent to which others pay attention to them?

What is the term for all the thoughts and feelings a person has about themselves, forming an overall image arising from self-knowledge gained through introspection?

Which concept involves giving priority to group goals over personal goals and defining one's identity in terms of group identifications rather than personal attributes?

What term refers to the desire to receive feedback that confirms the existing knowledge individuals have about themselves?

Which factor leads to shifts in self-esteem according to different contextual factors?

In the text, what is defined as the enduring behaviors, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people?

"Upward social comparison" involves comparing oneself to whom?

"Reflective appraisal" refers to individuals' perceptions of what?

"Trait Self-esteem" is characterized by what type of sense of self-worth according to the text?

What term is used to describe the belief in one's capabilities to achieve a goal in varied situations?

Which concept involves perceiving outcomes as either controllable by personal efforts or influenced by external forces beyond one's control?

What psychological state is learned when a person feels they have no control over repeated failures?

Which tendency involves overestimating the commonality of one's opinions, beliefs, and actions?

What is the desire to present a favorable image to both external and internal audiences known as?

Which concept involves attributing positive events to one's character but negative events to external factors?

What type of social comparison involves comparing oneself to individuals less fortunate in some aspect?

Which theory asserts that individuals see themselves in a more favorable light than others see them?

'Basking in Reflected Glory', 'False Modesty', and 'Ingratiation' are examples of strategies used in which of the following?

What term refers to the tendency to perceive oneself in a favorable light and attribute positive events to one's character but negative events to external factors?

What term describes the learned sense of hopelessness and resignation when a person perceives no control over repeated failures?

Which tendency involves attributing positive events to one's character and negative events to external factors?

What is the term for the belief of how effective a behavior will be in achieving a goal during any circumstance?

Which concept involves overestimating the commonality of one's opinions, beliefs, and actions?

'Basking in Reflected Glory', 'False Modesty', and 'Ingratiation' are examples of strategies used in which of the following?

'Internal' and 'External' are terms associated with which concept?

What does the False Uniqueness Effect involve?

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