Self in the Social World: Self-Awareness and Spotlights Illusions

THE SELF IN THE SOCIAL WORLD SELF-AWARENESS a psychological state in which one takes oneself as an object of attention helps us evaluate whether the actual things happening to us match the standards we have set for ourselves helps us in decision making processes - it helps us make decisions about our lives and the different situations we encounter SPOTLIGHTS AND ILLUSIONS Spotlight Effect seeing ourselves at center stage, thus intuitively overestimating the extent to which others’ attentions is aimed at us THE SELF defined as the way a person thinks about and views his or her traits, beliefs, and purpose within the world COMPONENTS OF THE SELF Self-concept consists of all the thoughts and feelings that you have about yourself overall image of yourself that arises from self-knowledge that you gain through introspection (one of our immediate sources of self-knowledge) grounded in the self-schema (template by which you organize all the social information you are bombarded with everyday) possible selves (visions of the self we want to be as well as the self we fear becoming) Social Self Self-knowledge Self-esteem ORIGINS OF SENSE OF SELF Family and Other Socialization Agents looking-glass self (describes how people serve as mirrors for perceiving ourselves) reflected self-appraisals (our beliefs about other people’s reactions to us, how we appear to others) Current Situation (Situationism) Culture the enduring behaviors, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large number of people, and transmitted from one generation to another individualism (concept of giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications) collectivism (giving priority to the goals of one’s group) independent and interdependent self-construal Gender Social Comparison social comparison theory (things only become meaningful in comparison to others) upward social comparison (comparison which involves people better than yourself in some aspect) downward social comparison (comparisons which involve people worse off than yourself) SELF-ESTEEM an overall sense of self-worth that we use to evaluate our self-concept do not necessarily think the opposite or despise themselves there is simply an absence of strong positive views about the self defined by particular contingencies of self-worth Trait Self-esteem the stable kind of self-esteem, an enduring sense of self-worth that is integral to one’s identity State Self-esteem one that shifts according to different contextual factors 2 FACTORS THAT AFFECT SELF-ESTEEM personal successes and failures failures may lead to feelings of incompetence, and thus, low self-esteem, while successes promote competence and confidence reflected appraisal refers to our perceptions of how others see us; the looking-glass self SELF-ENHANCEMENT & SELF-VERIFICATION Self-enhancement the desire to learn favorable things about the self Self-verification a desire to get feedback that confirms what they already know about themselves.

The ______ and traditions shared by a large number of people

The desire to learn favorable things about the self is known as self-______

The ______ of the self we want to be as well as the self we fear becoming

The way a person thinks about and views his or her traits, beliefs, and purpose within the world is called ______

Individualism is the concept of giving priority to one’s own goals over ______ goals

The ______ behaviors, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large number of people

Self-verification is a desire to get feedback that ______ what they already know about themselves

The ______ Effect involves seeing ourselves at center stage

Self-esteem is an overall sense of self-worth that we use to evaluate our self-______

The desire to get feedback that confirms what they already know about themselves is known as self-______

The ______ Self consists of all the thoughts and feelings that you have about yourself

Collectivism involves giving priority to the goals of one’s ______

What psychological state involves taking oneself as an object of attention and helps in decision-making processes?

Which concept consists of the overall image one has about themselves that arises from self-knowledge?

What is the term used to describe the way people perceive themselves as being at the center stage and overestimate others' attention towards them?

In what psychological concept do individuals desire to learn favorable things about themselves?

Which type of self-esteem is characterized by a stable and enduring sense of self-worth integral to one's identity?

What term refers to the visions individuals have of the selves they aspire to be or fear becoming?

Which cultural concept prioritizes personal goals over group goals and defines identity based on personal attributes?

'Reflective appraisal' refers to:

'Collectivism' gives priority to the goals of:

'Gender social comparison' theory states that things become meaningful when:

'State Self-esteem' is characterized by:

What term describes the desire to receive feedback that confirms existing self-beliefs?