The Scientific Revolution
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Questions and Answers

What was the basis for the Scientific Method promoted during the Scientific Revolution?

  • Empiricism (correct)
  • Faith-based reasoning
  • Rational thinking
  • Rationalism

    • Which scientist suggested that natural laws, such as gravity, determined how the universe worked?

  • Isaac Newton (correct)
  • Johannes Kepler
  • Nicolas Copernicus
  • Galileo Galilei

    • What was the goal of the Enlightenment?

  • To apply reason and the scientific method to social, political, and economic problems (correct)
  • To question the authority of the church
  • To spread the idea of rationalism
  • To promote the idea of empiricism

    • Which philosopher defined the idea of the social contract?

    <p>Jean-Jacques Rousseau</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the English Civil War?

    <p>Oliver Cromwell became the Lord Protector of England</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key feature of the worldview that emerged from the Scientific Revolution?

    <p>A more secular, scientific worldview</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was NOT a key figure of the Enlightenment?

    <p>Charles Darwin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the ideas of the philosophes?

    <p>They influenced the development of modern, liberal, democratic governments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main intention behind the change in the law concerning imprisonment?

    <p>To make it harder for the king to punish someone arbitrarily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Charles II's approach to politics and society?

    <p>Middle path</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Cromwell's fate after his death?

    <p>His body was dug up and ceremonially 'executed'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the English Civil War in England?

    <p>A constitutional monarchy was established</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason for the colonization of the American continents?

    <p>To access resources and strategic benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Charles II secretly agree with King Louis XIV of France?

    <p>To convert England to Catholicism in exchange for money</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main division within Parliament during James II's rule?

    <p>Between Whigs and Tories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the shift in power in England from 1625 to 1688?

    <p>Power came from the people, given legitimacy by the constitution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main characteristic of the social contract before the English Civil War?

    <p>The king had absolute power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main difference between the Whigs and the Tories?

    <p>Their stance on absolute monarchy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which European power gained control over the east coast of what is today the United States of America?

    <p>England</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Whigs and Tories?

    <p>They were the first political parties in the English Parliament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the original connotation of the words 'Whig' and 'Tory'?

    <p>They were insults used by opposing parties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the policy or practice of establishing and maintaining colonies?

    <p>Colonization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the war that led to upheaval in the colonies?

    <p>The Seven Years' War</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was founded on the U.S. Constitution?

    <p>American Democracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the motivation behind Parliament's plot to overthrow King James II?

    <p>To protect the Church of England and prevent another civil war</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who invited William of Orange to take over the country?

    <p>Parliament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of William of Orange's march towards London?

    <p>The English army switched sides to support William</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Bill of Rights written in 1689?

    <p>It limited the power of the monarchy and protected individual rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of King James II's actions?

    <p>He was exiled to France</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the Glorious Revolution?

    <p>The transfer of power from the monarchy to Parliament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the relationship between King William III and Queen Mary II?

    <p>They were husband and wife</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the term 'Tories' in the context of the Conservative Party of Canada?

    <p>It referred to a historical term for the Conservative Party of Canada</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Seven Years' War for France?

    <p>France lost almost all of its colonies in North America and India</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major factor contributing to France's debt by the time King Louis XVI became king?

    <p>The expense of supporting the American Revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a characteristic of Louis XVI's leadership style?

    <p>He was an indecisive and weak ruler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major criticism of Marie Antoinette?

    <p>She was a lavish spender and a symbol of the monarchy's excesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the relationship between Austria and France?

    <p>Austria and France were long-time enemies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a consequence of Louis XV's rule?

    <p>France's power and wealth declined</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Louis XVI's advisors have limited influence over him?

    <p>He preferred to listen to his wife, Marie Antoinette</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a characteristic of the French monarchy under Louis XVI?

    <p>An absolute monarchy with a weak and indecisive king</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Scientific Revolution

    • Promoted the idea of Empiricism, or observation, as a basis for the Scientific Method
    • Changed the basic view of the universe, confirming that the Earth rotates around the sun
    • Led to a more secular, scientific worldview in Europe based on rationalism
    • Founded on a belief in rationalism and the need to question existing beliefs

    Key Figures

    • Nicholas Copernicus: confirmed that the Earth rotates around the sun
    • Johannes Kepler: contributed to the understanding of the universe
    • Galileo Galilei: confirmed that the Earth rotates around the sun
    • Isaac Newton: suggested that natural laws, such as gravity, determine how the universe works
    • John Locke: had a different view of how a government should operate
    • Thomas Hobbes: had a different view of how a government should operate
    • Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau: exchanged ideas about government, freedom, equality, and natural law
    • Rousseau: defined the idea of the social contract, in which people must give up some freedom to receive the benefits of living together in a community with other humans

    The Enlightenment

    • An attempt to improve society by applying reason and the scientific method to social, political, and economic problems
    • Founded on a belief in rationalism and the need to question existing beliefs

    Revolution in England

    • Before the Civil War, Parliament had little power
    • The Stuart Dynasty ended with the execution of Charles I
    • Oliver Cromwell became the Lord Protector of England
    • Charles II tried to steer England down the middle path in both politics and society
    • The Glorious Revolution of 1688 restored a limited monarchy

    The Glorious Revolution

    • Parliament plotted to overthrow James II, who had become too powerful
    • William of Orange and his wife Mary were invited to take over the country
    • James II abdicated and was exiled to France
    • William of Orange became King William III of England, and his wife became Queen Mary II
    • A Bill of Rights was written in 1689 to limit the power of the monarchy
    • The Bill of Rights recognized the support Parliament gave to the new government and granted more power to the people

    The American Revolutionary War

    • Britain had established thirteen colonies in British North America
    • The Seven Years' War led to upheaval in the colonies
    • The colonists were unhappy with Mercantilism and taxation
    • The colonists protested the Intolerable Acts
    • The Thirteen Colonies declared independence
    • The French sent troops to fight with the American revolutionaries
    • American democracy was founded on the U.S. Constitution

    Key Terms and Concepts

    • Colonization: the policy or practice of establishing and maintaining colonies
    • Mercantilism: an economic theory that a country's prosperity depends on its accumulation of gold and silver
    • Democracy: a system of government in which power is held by the people, either directly or through elected representatives

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    Description

    Learn about the key figures and ideas of the Scientific Revolution, including Empiricism, Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton, and how it led to a more secular, scientific worldview.

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