The Scientific Method and Its Components
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Questions and Answers

What term does Merton (1942) use to describe scientists' willingness to share their findings?

  • Altruism
  • Communalism (correct)
  • Individualism
  • Egoism

    • Which term describes the approach to knowledge that relies on a systematic method of generating hypotheses, collecting data, and explaining the data?

  • The Scientific Method (correct)
  • Scientific Theory
  • Experimental Design
  • Empirical Research

    • Which behavior do some people believe doesn't require studying psychology, as they find it obvious?

  • Cooking
  • Reading
  • Playing Chess
  • Understanding Human Behavior (correct)

    • What aspect of the scientific method involves gathering and evaluating information in a careful, precise, and error-free manner?

    <p>Accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does skepticism in the scientific method entail?

    <p>Considering carefully and verifying findings repeatedly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to obtaining information in a manner that is free from biases in the scientific method?

    <p>Objectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of pseudoscience claims mentioned in the text?

    <p>Overstating their claims and using terms like 'proven' without providing supporting evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do individuals sometimes turn to pseudoscience according to the text?

    <p>To address anxiety and seek hope through supernatural means</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of human cognition can lead to a susceptibility to pseudoscience?

    <p>Tendency to perceive patterns in random stimuli (pareidolia)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes rational thinking from experiential thinking according to the text?

    <p>Rational thinking is careful logical reasoning, while experiential thinking involves emotions and gut feelings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might scientific illiteracy make individuals more susceptible to pseudoscience?

    <p>Because it may prevent proper evaluation of pseudoscientific information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of meaningful patterns perceived out of meaningless stimuli?

    <p>Apophenia - finding connections between unrelated events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for using emotions to evaluate information as being valid?

    <p>Emotional reasoning fallacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fallacy promotes black or white reasoning?

    <p>Either-Or fallacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason psychologists conduct research?

    <p>To understand human behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is psychological research considered scientific?

    <p>It follows a specific approach to evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What misconception do some people have about immunity from errors in scientific method?

    <p>They falsely think exposure to scientific method makes them error-proof</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of thinking would be most detrimental in psychological research?

    <p>Bandwagon thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason psychologists conduct research?

    <p>To further understand human behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fallacy promotes the use of black or white reasoning?

    <p>Either-Or fallacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of pseudoscience can lead to animal deaths as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Promoting ineffective animal treatments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is pseudoscience considered dangerous according to the text?

    <p>It costs consumers money without effective results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What misconception do individuals have when believing they are immune from errors in scientific method?

    <p>Thinking they are error-proof due to scientific exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term does Merton (1942) use to encourage scientists to engage in disinterestedness?

    <p>Communalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the scientific method, what essential component involves gathering and evaluating information in a careful, precise, and error-free manner?

    <p>Accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the approach to knowledge that relies on systematically generating hypotheses, collecting data, and explaining the data?

    <p>The Scientific Method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do good scientists refrain from using terms like 'prove' in their research findings?

    <p>To emphasize uncertainty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavior do good scientists exhibit when they change their views even when strongly held in the face of contrary evidence?

    <p>Open-Mindedness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to obtaining information in a manner that is free from biases in the scientific method?

    <p>Objectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main goals of distinguishing between scientific psychology and popular psychology?

    <p>To prevent misinformation and ensure accurate psychological knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the responsibility of individuals when encountering pseudoscientific claims?

    <p>To critically evaluate claims and identify imposters of science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about pseudoscientific claims from the text?

    <p>They often involve metaphysical concepts that cannot be scientifically measured</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is distinguishing between scientific and popular psychology essential according to the text?

    <p>To ensure the public is not misinformed about psychological knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does scientific literacy play in reducing susceptibility to pseudoscience?

    <p>It encourages individuals to question and critically evaluate scientific claims</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does distinguishing between scientific and popular psychology contribute to advancing psychological research?

    <p>By ensuring that research is based on accurate scientific knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

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