The Science of Vocal Production

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Questions and Answers

Where are voiced phonemes produced?

  • In the infraglottic space
  • In the airstream with vibration (correct)
  • In the supraglottic space
  • Out of the airstream with no vibration

What is the location of the larynx?

  • Superior to the top of the tracheal ring (correct)
  • In the infraglottic space
  • Anterior to the vocal folds
  • Posterior to the esophagus

What lines all the laryngeal cavities?

  • Ligaments
  • Fibro-elastic structure
  • Mucous membrane (correct)
  • Mucus gland

What is the framework of the larynx made up of?

<p>Musculocartilagenous structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the glottis located?

<p>The space between the vocal folds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum requirement for pressure for generating sound with the vocal folds?

<p>5 cmH2O (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the tympanic membrane to vibrate?

<p>Compression of air molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of energy for speech?

<p>Respiration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between voiced and voiceless phonemes?

<p>Vocal fold vibration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of phonation in speech production?

<p>To set the vocal folds into vibration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum pressure requirement for sound generation by the vocal folds?

<p>5 cmH2O (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the tympanic membrane to vibrate?

<p>Compression of air molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates voiced phonemes from voiceless phonemes?

<p>Vocal fold vibration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of respiration in speech?

<p>Source of energy for speech (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are voiced sounds produced?

<p>By the vibration of the vocal folds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two ways in which the position of the vocal folds affects phonation?

<p>When moved into the airstream, they vibrate during exhalation (voiced phonemes); when moved out of the airstream, there is no vibration (voiceless phonemes, also during inhalation).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the glottis located and what is its function?

<p>The glottis is the space between the vocal folds. It functions as the entryway to the larynx.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the laryngeal cavities lined with and what do they contain?

<p>The laryngeal cavities are lined with mucous membrane and contain mucus glands to keep the area moist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the framework of the larynx made up of?

<p>The framework of the larynx is a musculocartilagenous structure made up of three unpaired and three paired cartilages bound by ligaments and lined by mucous membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define ligaments and their role in the larynx.

<p>Ligaments are heavy connective tissues that join bones or cartilage together, and they permit movement (stretch) in the larynx.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cricoid cartilage in the larynx?

<p>The cricoid cartilage forms the base of the larynx and provides a clear pathway for the vocal folds, as well as articulation points for the arytenoid and thyroid cartilages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the arytenoid cartilages located and what are their main functions?

<p>The arytenoid cartilages are found on the back surface of the cricoid cartilage and serve as the mechanical structure for the onset and offset of voicing. They also provide attachment points for the vocal folds and muscles involved in vocal fold movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the corniculate cartilages in the larynx?

<p>The corniculate cartilages are located on the apex of each arytenoid and serve as landmarks for the aryepiglottic folds. They also provide rigidity to the vocal folds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cuneiform cartilages in the larynx?

<p>The cuneiform cartilages are embedded within the aryepiglottic folds and help to open the larynx from above, as well as providing support to the membranous laryngeal covering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the arytenoid cartilages articulate with the cricoid cartilage and what is the significance of this articulation?

<p>The base of the arytenoid cartilages articulate with the convex surface of the cricoid cartilage, forming the cricoarytenoid joint. This articulation allows the arytenoids to rock and glide on the cricoid, facilitating vocal fold movement and phonation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cartilage forms the anterior and lateral walls of the larynx?

<p>Thyroid cartilage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the thyroid notch located?

<p>Superior part of the thyroid angle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the superior horns or cornu of the thyroid cartilage articulate with?

<p>Greater horns of hyoid cartilage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cricothyroid joint?

<p>Allows the thyroid cartilage to rock back and forth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the oblique line on the thyroid cartilage?

<p>Place for attachment of two muscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the fusion of the two thyroid lamina at the midline?

<p>Forms the thyroid angle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the inferior horns or cornu of the thyroid cartilage articulate with?

<p>Cricoid cartilage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cricoid cartilage in the larynx?

<p>Form the base of the larynx and provide a clear pathway for the vocal folds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the arytenoid cartilages located in the larynx?

<p>On the back surface of the cricoid cartilage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the corniculate cartilages in the larynx?

<p>Landmark of aryepiglottic folds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the articulation between the arytenoid cartilages and the cricoid cartilage?

<p>Allows arytenoids to rock and glide on the cricoid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cuneiform cartilages in the larynx?

<p>Help to open the larynx from above (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do the vocal folds attach posteriorly in the larynx?

<p>To the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the arytenoid cartilages in the larynx?

<p>Like a pyramid with three sides and a base (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilages in the larynx?

<p>Attachment of muscles that adduct and abduct the vocal folds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the hyoid bone located and what is its function?

<p>The hyoid bone is located at the base of the tongue and it forms the union between the tongue and the laryngeal structure. Its function includes serving as a supportive framework and being attached to various neck and tongue muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the epiglottis cartilage?

<p>The epiglottis cartilage serves as a protective mechanism to close the airway during swallowing. Its upper extremity is free, allowing it to come in contact with the tongue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the landmarks of the hyoid bone and what structures are attached to it?

<p>The hyoid bone landmarks include the greater cornu or horns, the lesser cornu or horns, and the two side crus forming the horse shoe. Numerous neck muscles and tongue muscles are attached to the hyoid bone, totaling around 30 muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the attachments and functions of the hyoepiglottis and thyroepiglottis ligaments?

<p>The hyoepiglottis ligament attaches to the inner part of the anterior portion of the hyoid bone, while the thyroepiglottis attaches to the thyroid cartilage at the inside of the thyroid angle. These ligaments play a role in suspending the larynx from the hyoid bone and supporting the movement of the larynx during swallowing and phonation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the intrinsic and extrinsic structures associated with the hyoid bone?

<p>The hyoid bone has intrinsic and extrinsic structures. Intrinsic structures connect things within the larynx, while extrinsic structures connect the larynx to structures outside the larynx. Numerous neck muscles and tongue muscles are attached to the hyoid bone, illustrating its importance in the anatomical and functional relationships of the larynx.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the epiglottis cartilage?

<p>Serve a protective mechanism to close airway during swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the hyoid bone?

<p>Forms the union between the tongue and the laryngeal structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many muscles are attached to the hyoid bone?

<p>30 muscles are attached to the hyoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of structures attached to the hyoid bone?

<p>Intrinsic and extrinsic structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the greater cornu or horns of the hyoid bone articulate with?

<p>The larynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the epiglottis cartilage?

<p>To serve as a protective mechanism to close the airway during swallowing and provide a supportive framework.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the hyoid bone located and what is its function?

<p>The hyoid bone is located between the tongue and the laryngeal structure, and it forms the union between the tongue and the larynx. Its function includes attachment to the back of the tongue and serving as a point of attachment for numerous neck and tongue muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many muscles are attached to the hyoid bone?

<p>30 muscles are attached to the hyoid bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the intrinsic and extrinsic structures associated with the hyoid bone?

<p>Intrinsic structures connect things within the larynx, while extrinsic structures connect structures in the larynx to structures outside the larynx.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the landmarks of the hyoid bone and what structures are attached to it?

<p>The hyoid bone landmarks include the greater cornu or horns, the lesser cornu or horns, and the two side crus forming the horse shoe. Numerous neck and tongue muscles are attached to the hyoid bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the articulation between the arytenoid cartilages and the cricoid cartilage?

<p>This articulation allows for movement of the larynx during phonation and swallowing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of respiration in speech?

<p>Respiration provides the necessary airflow for vocal fold vibration, which is essential for speech production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hyoid bone?

<p>Forms the union between the tongue and the laryngeal structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the larynx located in relation to the hyoid bone?

<p>Inferior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What attaches the epiglottis cartilage to the hyoid bone?

<p>Hyoepiglottis ligament (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many muscles are attached to the hyoid bone?

<p>30 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the thyroepiglottis ligament?

<p>Attaches the epiglottis cartilage to the thyroid cartilage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the landmarks of the hyoid bone?

<p>Greater cornu or horns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hyoepiglottis ligament?

<p>Attachs to inner part of the anterior portion of the hyoid bone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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