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Which of the following is an example of biological evolution?

  • Bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics (correct)
  • The process that gives rise to new species
  • Changes in the characteristics of organisms over time
  • Genetic changes in organisms that cause them to appear differently

    • What is descent with modification?

  • The process of organisms appearing differently over time
  • The process of genetic changes in individuals
  • The process of genetic modifications occurring in a lineage (correct)
  • The process of new species arising

    • Which mechanism of evolution occurs when chance events cause changes in gene frequencies in a population?

  • Natural selection
  • Gene flow or migration
  • Mutation
  • Genetic drift (correct)

    • What is the most important consideration when designing a study to observe evolution?

    <p>Traits that can be measured</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of biological evolution?

    <p>Swallowing polio vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is descent with modification?

    <p>The modification of a lineage compared to the grandparents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do phylogenetic trees show?

    <p>The distribution and relatedness of organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of biological evolution?

    <p>The number of grandchildren produced by rabbits in a population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of evolution mentioned in the text?

    <p>Artificial selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of natural selection?

    <p>Variation of traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between genetic drift and natural selection?

    <p>Genetic drift is a random process, while natural selection is a non-random process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do organisms lose certain features when they don't need them?

    <p>Because there isn't selection to maintain those features anymore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a necessary condition for natural selection to occur?

    <p>Variation among traits of individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why giraffes have long necks according to the text?

    <p>Sexual selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about natural selection is true?

    <p>Natural selection only works on heritable traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of antibiotic resistance in bacteria according to the text?

    <p>Exposure to antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is responsible for introducing new genes into a population and changing its genetic composition over time?

    <p>Gene Flow or Migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main condition required for natural selection to occur?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which evolutionary process is a random process that can cause changes in the gene frequencies of a population over time?

    <p>Genetic Drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the only evolutionary process that leads to adaptation?

    <p>Natural Selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of evolution?

    <p>Mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the founder effect?

    <p>When a small group of individuals establishes a new population, leading to changes in gene frequencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of natural selection?

    <p>Mimicry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between natural selection and evolution?

    <p>Natural selection is one of the mechanisms of evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about natural selection?

    <p>Natural selection is one of the mechanisms of evolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the evolution of long necks in giraffes?

    <p>Giraffes that ate the leaves of tall trees survived and reproduced better than those that didn't.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is heritable variation in natural selection?

    <p>Variation among individuals due to genetic differences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the incredible variation among domestic dogs?

    <p>The heritable variation in the original canine species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the increase in pesticide resistance in head lice?

    <p>The accidental resistance to pesticides in some head lice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines an individual's fitness in natural selection?

    <p>The number of offspring and grandchildren it produces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Biological Evolution

    • Biological evolution is the change in the characteristics of a population of organisms over time.
    • Descent with modification refers to the idea that all species of life have evolved from a common ancestor and have accumulated modifications over time.

    Mechanisms of Evolution

    • Genetic drift is the mechanism of evolution that occurs when chance events cause changes in gene frequencies in a population.
    • Natural selection is a key mechanism of evolution that leads to adaptation.
    • The main aspect of natural selection is that individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits to their offspring.
    • The main difference between genetic drift and natural selection is that genetic drift is a random process, while natural selection is a non-random process that leads to adaptation.

    Conditions for Evolution

    • The most important consideration when designing a study to observe evolution is that there must be heritable variation in the population.
    • The main condition required for natural selection to occur is that there must be variation in the population and that variation must be heritable.
    • The necessary condition for natural selection to occur is that there must be differences in fitness among individuals.

    Phylogenetic Trees

    • Phylogenetic trees show the relationships between different species and their common ancestors.

    Examples of Evolution

    • Examples of biological evolution include the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, the increase in pesticide resistance in head lice, and the evolution of long necks in giraffes.
    • The evolution of long necks in giraffes is an example of natural selection, as giraffes with longer necks were more likely to survive and reproduce, passing that trait to their offspring.

    Key Concepts

    • The founder effect is a type of genetic drift that occurs when a small group of individuals becomes isolated from the larger population and establishes a new population.
    • Heritable variation in natural selection refers to the differences in traits that can be passed from one generation to the next.
    • The main reason for the incredible variation among domestic dogs is due to artificial selection by humans.
    • The main reason for the increase in pesticide resistance in head lice is due to natural selection.
    • An individual's fitness in natural selection is determined by their ability to survive and reproduce.

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    Quiz: Understanding the Power of Soap and Water for Cleaning Discover the benefits of using ordinary soap and water for cleaning, while learning why eliminating every single germ may not be necessary. Explore the concepts of natural selection, evolution, and antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Gain insights into how mutations create variation in bacteria and how fitness plays a role in their survival. Expand your knowledge on the fascinating world of cleaning and the science behind it.

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