60 Questions
Which organ in the digestive system is responsible for the breakdown of fats?
Small intestine
Which macromineral is often consumed in excess by most Westerners?
Sodium
Which water-soluble vitamin is important for bone formation and hormonal control?
Vitamin D
Which type of carbohydrate is found in honey and many fruits?
Fructose
What is the primary function of fats in the body?
Provide energy
Which part of the digestive system is responsible for water reabsorption and compaction?
Large intestine
Which type of protein can be synthesized by the body and is found in meat?
Non-essential proteins
Which water-soluble vitamin is important for cell membrane integrity?
Vitamin E
What is the main function of the human digestive system?
Extract nutrients from food
Which organ in the digestive system receives digested matter from the small intestine?
Colon
Which of the following has shaped our behaviour, physiology, and anatomy related to ingestion?
Bipedalism for predator detection and hunting
What is a common characteristic of our liking for junk food?
Hard wired for sugar and fat
What is one of the reasons for our disposition to gain weight and not lose it?
Evolutionary forces related to ingestion
Why is bipedalism important for predator detection and hunting?
Running
What are some aspects of our anatomy that have been shaped by evolutionary forces related to ingestion?
Gut and teeth design, and face structure
In the developing world, how many people are malnourished and underweight?
1.2 billion
In the western world, how many people are malnourished and underweight?
Not mentioned in the text
What is the main reason why eating and drinking are essential to survival?
They provide necessary nutrients
What is the main reason for the liking of junk food?
Hard wired for sugar and fat
What is one of the outcomes of evolutionary forces related to ingestion?
Disposition to gain weight and not lose it
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of obesity?
Lowered IQ
What is the most lethal psychiatric condition?
Anorexia
What are the main metabolic pathways for generating energy?
Glycolysis and Kreb's cycle
Which food constituent provides the highest amount of energy per gram?
Fats
What is the measure used to quantify energy in food?
Kilocalories
What percentage of the food we consume goes towards maintaining the basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
70-80%
How is the basal metabolic rate (BMR) affected by factors such as lactation, pregnancy, and physical fitness?
It increases
What is the main purpose of food?
To provide energy
What is the recommended daily caloric intake for a 70kg man to maintain his basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
1680 Kcal
How are energy needs calculated in most tables that report caloric intake?
Based on BMR and activity level
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shaped by evolutionary forces related to ingestion?
Gut and teeth design
What is the primary reason for the liking of junk food?
Hard-wired for sugar and fat
Why is bipedalism important for predator detection and hunting?
To run faster
What is the main consequence of obesity?
Decreased quality of life
What is the main purpose of food?
To provide energy
How many people in the developing world are malnourished and underweight?
1.2 billion
What is the measure used to quantify energy in food?
Calories
What is one of the reasons for our disposition to gain weight and not lose it?
Genetics
What are some aspects of our anatomy shaped by evolutionary forces related to ingestion?
All of the above
What is the main reason why eating and drinking are essential to survival?
To nourish the body
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
To provide energy
Which type of fat may increase bad cholesterol levels?
Saturated fat
What is the main function of proteins in the body?
Tissue maintenance and growth
Which water-soluble vitamin is important for blood clotting?
Vitamin K
Which macromineral is often consumed in excess by most Westerners?
Sodium
Which organ in the digestive system is responsible for breaking down fats?
Pancreas
What is the main function of the large intestine in the digestive system?
Water reabsorption and compaction
What is the main role of water in the body?
To act as a medium for chemical reactions
How much water does the average person lose per day?
Around 2.2 liters
What is the main source of water for maintaining water balance in the body?
Drinking
Which of the following is NOT a method of generating energy in the body?
Photosynthesis
What is the energy content per gram of alcohol?
7 Kcal/g
What is the primary purpose of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in the body?
To provide chemical energy
What is the term used to describe the energy expended by the body at rest?
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
What is the recommended daily caloric intake for a 70kg man to maintain his basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
2500 Kcal
What is the measure used to quantify energy in food?
Kilocalories (Kcal)
What percentage of the food we consume goes towards maintaining the basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
70-80%
How are energy needs calculated in most tables that report caloric intake?
Based on activity level
What is the energy content per gram of proteins and carbohydrates?
4 Kcal/g
What is the main factor that affects the basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
Muscle/fat bulk
Study Notes
Digestive System
- The small intestine is responsible for breaking down fats.
- The large intestine is responsible for water reabsorption and compaction.
Macronutrients
- Fats provide the highest amount of energy per gram (37 kJ/g).
- The primary function of fats is energy storage and provision.
- Carbohydrates are found in honey and many fruits, and provide energy for the body.
- The primary function of proteins is to build and repair tissues in the body.
Vitamins and Minerals
- Vitamin D is important for bone formation and hormonal control.
- Vitamin C is important for cell membrane integrity and blood clotting.
- Calcium is a macromineral that is often consumed in excess by most Westerners.
Energy and Metabolism
- The measure used to quantify energy in food is kilojoules (kJ).
- The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the energy expended by the body at rest.
- 60-70% of the food we consume goes towards maintaining the BMR.
- Energy needs are calculated based on factors such as age, sex, weight, and physical activity.
Evolution and Ingestion
- Evolutionary forces related to ingestion have shaped our behavior, physiology, and anatomy.
- Aspects of our anatomy shaped by evolutionary forces include bipedalism, which is important for predator detection and hunting.
- One of the reasons for our disposition to gain weight and not lose it is due to evolutionary forces.
Nutrition and Health
- The main purpose of food is to provide energy and nutrients for survival.
- Malnutrition is a significant problem worldwide, with 1 billion people in the developing world and 30% of people in the western world being malnourished and underweight.
- The main consequence of obesity is an increased risk of chronic diseases.
- The most lethal psychiatric condition is anorexia nervosa.
Miscellaneous
- The recommended daily caloric intake for a 70kg man to maintain his BMR is 2900 kJ.
- The primary reason for the liking of junk food is due to evolutionary forces.
- Water is essential for survival, and the average person loses 2-3 liters per day.
- The main source of water for maintaining water balance in the body is from food and drinks.
Test your knowledge on the importance of feeding and drinking in our lives and how it has shaped our behavior, physiology, and anatomy. Explore evolutionary forces, color vision, cravings for junk food, weight gain tendencies, and more in this introductory quiz.
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