Biology Quiz on Feeding Mechanisms and Adaptations

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Questions and Answers

What role do the comb-like lamellae on the bills of birds like the broad-billed prion serve?

They are used for grasping and holding onto prey.

They provide buoyancy while swimming.

They help in filtering plankton from water. (correct)

They assist in digging into the ground for rooting out insects.

In Terebella, how is food collected using its tentacles?

The flattened tip of the tentacle gathers food which is then turned to the mouth. (correct)

The tentacles drop food into the mouth directly.

Food is captured through suction while the tentacles are retracted.

The ciliated surface of a tentacle collects food by creating a vacuum.

Which of the following best describes the function of the gizzard in earthworms?

It serves to absorb nutrients from the soil.

It stores excess soil for digestion.

It grinds food particles into a pulpy mass. (correct)

It filters out harmful bacteria from the ingested material.

What adaptation allows gastropod molluscs to feed on vegetation?

A radula equipped with strong, chisel-like teeth. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary digestion and absorption site in the digestive system of earthworms?

The long intestine. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of ingested material is typically digested by earthworms?

1% (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which feature distinguishes herbivorous insects from other feeding groups?

Adaptations for scraping or cutting plant material. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of pharyngeal glands in direct deposit feeders like earthworms?

To secrete mucus for mixing ingested soil particles. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which feeding mechanism allows an organism to collect minute suspended food particles from water?

Microphagous feeding (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of feeder primarily relies on fluid sources such as cell sap or blood?

Fluid feeder (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups would most likely ingest large solid food substances?

Herbivores (B) Signup and view all the answers

Indirect deposit feeders primarily collect food from which type of source?

Deposited materials in sediments (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT associated with the feeding mechanism of microphagous feeders?

Sucking mouthparts (D) Signup and view all the answers

What feeding method is characterized by the capture of living animals?

Carnivorous feeding (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of fluid feeders?

They ingest food through body surfaces or specialized structures. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of feeder includes organisms like earthworms and lungworms?

Direct deposit feeders (D) Signup and view all the answers

What structure is primarily involved in filter feeding for bivalve molluscs?

Ctenidia (B), Labial palps (D) Signup and view all the answers

In amphioxus, how are food particles collected?

By the endostyle (A), Via the pharyngeal slits (B) Signup and view all the answers

What role do gill rakers play in herring and mackerel?

Preventing escape of plankton (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do tadpoles of frogs and toads capture food particles?

Mucus secreted traps food particles (A) Signup and view all the answers

What structure collects water and food particles in the pharynx of amphioxus?

Gill bars (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which feeding mechanism is utilized by whole-bone whales?

Baleen plate filtration (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the cilia present on gill filaments in bivalve molluscs?

Creating a current for feeding (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which organism uses a lattice-like filter to guard the gill openings?

Tadpole of Bufo bufo (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the radula in gastropods?

To graze on plant material (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics is NOT found in herbivorous mammals like cows?

Highly developed canines (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of algae do marine gastropods primarily feed on?

Brown algae (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant advantage of the carnivorous habit?

Food is compact and rich in nutrients (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of insect herbivores, what is the function of the gizzard or proventriculus?

Muscular grinding of food (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the incisors of rodents and lagomorphs?

Rodents have chisel-like and curved incisors (D) Signup and view all the answers

To successfully capture prey, a carnivore must possess which of the following?

Means to capture and seize prey (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are common dietary components found in brown algae?

Algin and fucoidan (D) Signup and view all the answers

What adaptation do vertebrate carnivores utilize for effectively capturing and consuming prey?

Modified strong and pointed teeth and claws (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which process do some carnivores utilize to aid in the digestion of their prey externally?

Secretion of powerful proteolytic enzymes (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do cnidarians capture their prey using nematocysts?

By injecting neurotoxins to paralyze prey (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the introvert in proboscis worms?

To immobilize prey with mucus and capture food (A) Signup and view all the answers

What method do starfish like Asterias use to access their bivalve prey?

Forcefully prying apart the shell using tube feet (A) Signup and view all the answers

What role do gland cells in the endoderm of cnidarians play during prey capture?

They secrete powerful enzymes for digestion (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a feature of polymorphic cnidarians like the Portuguese-man-of-war in capturing prey?

They employ multiple feeding polyps to cover and dissolve prey (B) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the feeding mechanism of errant polychaetes from those of other carnivorous animals?

They utilize a rapidly eversible proboscis with powerful jaws (C) Signup and view all the answers

What function do the ciliary currents have in the bivalve's digestive process?

They transport soluble material into the caeca. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is primarily responsible for cutting and chewing food in crayfish, crabs, and lobsters?

Mandibles (D) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes cone shells from other molluscs when capturing prey?

The use of neurotoxin through hollow teeth. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What unique feeding method does the slug Testacella employ when obtaining its food?

Using its odontophore to grasp and control prey. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cephalopod is primarily responsible for capturing and holding onto prey?

Suckered arms (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do whelks obtain food from other molluscs?

Drilling holes with a radula and extracting flesh. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What role do the salivary glands play in the feeding mechanism of cephalopods?

To paralyze prey with neurotoxin. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of Philine aids in its feeding process?

Heavily toothed gizzard for crushing shells. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Feeding Mechanisms

Chemosynthetic bacteria and chlorophyll-containing green plants produce food from inorganic compounds (autotrophic).
Animals cannot produce their own food and rely on plants or other animals (heterotrophic).
Food availability is a major concern for animals.
Food can be solid or liquid, microscopic or macroscopic.
Feeding habits are classified according to feeding type (macroscopic, microscopic, and fluid).
Specific feeding habits depend on the animal's taxonomic classification (phylum, class, order, family, genera, species).

Microphagous Feeders

Feed on small food particles suspended in water or deposited in sediments.
Create a water current for straining out particles.
Food particles are sorted for correct size and type.
Use cilia, pseudopodia, mucus traps, or setae.
Examples of animals: ciliates, sponges, bivalve molluscs, protochordates, tadpoles, Amoeba, radiolarians, prosobranch gastropods, tunicates, Chaetopterus, small crustaceans, herrings, baleen whales, and African flamingos.
Indirect deposit feeders collect deposited food particles.
Examples: Terebella (sedentary polychaete).

Macrophagous Feeders

Feed on relatively large solid food.
Three types:
- Direct Deposit Feeders: Consume mud/sand/earth (e.g. earthworms, lungworms, acorn worms).
- Carnivores: Capture and consume other animals.
- Herbivores: Consume plant material by chewing, biting, rasping or grazing (e.g., herbivorous mammals, insects).

Fluid Feeders

Ingest plant and animal fluids (e.g., cell sap, nectar, honey, blood, coelomic fluid, egg yolk, albumin, dissolved food substances).
Examples: Protozoan parasites, tapeworms, aphids, bees, butterflies, birds (that suck plant sap or nectar), leeches, ticks, mosquitoes, tsetse flies, and vampire bats.
Ingest dissolved substances through the body surface.
Have specialized sucking mouthparts as needed.

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Description

Test your knowledge on various feeding mechanisms and adaptations observed in birds, earthworms, and molluscs. This quiz covers topics such as the role of lamellae, gizzard functions in earthworms, and different feeding strategies of organisms. Challenge yourself to understand how different species have adapted to acquire food in their environments.