Podcast
Questions and Answers
In a biochemical reaction, what does it mean if ΔG is positive?
In a biochemical reaction, what does it mean if ΔG is positive?
- The system is at equilibrium
- The reaction proceeds only if free energy can be gained (correct)
- The reaction occurs spontaneously
- There is little or no tendency for a reaction to occur
If ΔG is zero in a system, what does it imply?
If ΔG is zero in a system, what does it imply?
- The system is highly unstable
- The system is at equilibrium and no net change takes place (correct)
- The system is endergonic
- The system is undergoing a rapid reaction
What is the standard free energy change at a standard state with a pH of 7.0?
What is the standard free energy change at a standard state with a pH of 7.0?
- $ΔG$
- $ΔG_{standard}$
- $ΔG0$
- $ΔG0′$ (correct)
How do vital processes such as synthetic reactions and active transport obtain energy?
How do vital processes such as synthetic reactions and active transport obtain energy?
Why are the terms 'exergonic' and 'endergonic' preferred over 'exothermic' and 'endothermic' in biochemical contexts?
Why are the terms 'exergonic' and 'endergonic' preferred over 'exothermic' and 'endothermic' in biochemical contexts?
What happens when the magnitude of ΔG in a system is great?
What happens when the magnitude of ΔG in a system is great?
What does the second law of thermodynamics state?
What does the second law of thermodynamics state?
How is entropy defined?
How is entropy defined?
In biochemical reactions, what does ΔG represent?
In biochemical reactions, what does ΔG represent?
If ΔG is negative, what can be said about the reaction?
If ΔG is negative, what can be said about the reaction?
What happens if ΔG is both negative and of great magnitude for a reaction?
What happens if ΔG is both negative and of great magnitude for a reaction?
What is the relationship between ΔH, ΔE, and ΔS in biochemical reactions?
What is the relationship between ΔH, ΔE, and ΔS in biochemical reactions?
What is the role of the high-energy compound denoted as ~â’º in the living cell?
What is the role of the high-energy compound denoted as ~â’º in the living cell?
Which compound is identified as the principal high-energy intermediate in the living cell?
Which compound is identified as the principal high-energy intermediate in the living cell?
What is the source of free energy for autotrophic organisms?
What is the source of free energy for autotrophic organisms?
What distinguishes heterotrophic organisms in terms of obtaining free energy?
What distinguishes heterotrophic organisms in terms of obtaining free energy?
In what process is ATP crucial for maintaining living processes?
In what process is ATP crucial for maintaining living processes?
How does the high-energy compound ~â’º facilitate energy transfer within the living cell?
How does the high-energy compound ~â’º facilitate energy transfer within the living cell?
What is the role of ATP in biochemical reactions?
What is the role of ATP in biochemical reactions?
Which enzyme interconverts adenine nucleotides to facilitate high-energy phosphate usage and AMP recovery?
Which enzyme interconverts adenine nucleotides to facilitate high-energy phosphate usage and AMP recovery?
What happens when ATP becomes depleted in a cell?
What happens when ATP becomes depleted in a cell?
In a reaction catalyzed by hexokinase, what allows the irreversible phosphorylation of glucose to proceed?
In a reaction catalyzed by hexokinase, what allows the irreversible phosphorylation of glucose to proceed?
What is the impact of coupling an exergonic reaction with an endergonic one?
What is the impact of coupling an exergonic reaction with an endergonic one?
Which reaction is more likely to be irreversible under physiological conditions?
Which reaction is more likely to be irreversible under physiological conditions?
What role does ATP play in organisms?
What role does ATP play in organisms?
Which components make up ATP?
Which components make up ATP?
What is the bioenergetic significance of the free energy of hydrolysis of ATP?
What is the bioenergetic significance of the free energy of hydrolysis of ATP?
What characterizes low-energy phosphates in terms of their G0' values?
What characterizes low-energy phosphates in terms of their G0' values?
How do high-energy phosphates compare to ATP in terms of their G0' values?
How do high-energy phosphates compare to ATP in terms of their G0' values?
What is the function of ATP in cellular reactions?
What is the function of ATP in cellular reactions?
In a coupled exergonic-endergonic system, what is the role of the endergonic process?
In a coupled exergonic-endergonic system, what is the role of the endergonic process?
What term is used to describe catabolic reactions in biologic systems?
What term is used to describe catabolic reactions in biologic systems?
What characterizes synthetic reactions that build up substances in biologic systems?
What characterizes synthetic reactions that build up substances in biologic systems?
How can an exergonic and endergonic reaction be coupled in biologic systems?
How can an exergonic and endergonic reaction be coupled in biologic systems?
Why is it essential for endergonic processes to be coupled with exergonic ones in biologic systems?
Why is it essential for endergonic processes to be coupled with exergonic ones in biologic systems?
What role does loss of free energy as heat play in the coupling of reactions in biologic systems?
What role does loss of free energy as heat play in the coupling of reactions in biologic systems?
When ΔG is positive in a biochemical reaction, what does it indicate?
When ΔG is positive in a biochemical reaction, what does it indicate?
In a biochemical system with a ΔG of zero, what state does the system reach?
In a biochemical system with a ΔG of zero, what state does the system reach?
What is the significance of coupling exergonic and endergonic processes in biochemical reactions?
What is the significance of coupling exergonic and endergonic processes in biochemical reactions?
In a biochemical context, what does the term 'exergonic' specifically imply about a process?
In a biochemical context, what does the term 'exergonic' specifically imply about a process?
When reactants are present in concentrations of 1.0 mol/L, what does ΔG0 represent?
When reactants are present in concentrations of 1.0 mol/L, what does ΔG0 represent?
How is a biochemical system described when the magnitude of ΔG is considerable?
How is a biochemical system described when the magnitude of ΔG is considerable?
What is the primary role of ATP in living organisms?
What is the primary role of ATP in living organisms?
How do high-energy phosphates, compared to low-energy phosphates, typically relate to the free energy of hydrolysis of ATP?
How do high-energy phosphates, compared to low-energy phosphates, typically relate to the free energy of hydrolysis of ATP?
What bioenergetic significance does the free energy of hydrolysis of ATP hold?
What bioenergetic significance does the free energy of hydrolysis of ATP hold?
What is a key difference between high-energy and low-energy phosphates?
What is a key difference between high-energy and low-energy phosphates?
How does the ΔG0' value for the hydrolysis of the terminal phosphate of ATP relate to other biochemically important phosphates?
How does the ΔG0' value for the hydrolysis of the terminal phosphate of ATP relate to other biochemically important phosphates?
Why is ATP considered a crucial molecule for cellular processes?
Why is ATP considered a crucial molecule for cellular processes?
Which enzyme catalyzes the interconversion of adenine nucleotides to facilitate high-energy phosphate usage and AMP recovery?
Which enzyme catalyzes the interconversion of adenine nucleotides to facilitate high-energy phosphate usage and AMP recovery?
Under physiological conditions, which reaction is more likely to be irreversible due to its high exergonic nature?
Under physiological conditions, which reaction is more likely to be irreversible due to its high exergonic nature?
What is the bioenergetic significance of AMP increasing in concentration when ATP becomes depleted?
What is the bioenergetic significance of AMP increasing in concentration when ATP becomes depleted?
Which enzyme is responsible for the irreversible phosphorylation of glucose under physiologic conditions?
Which enzyme is responsible for the irreversible phosphorylation of glucose under physiologic conditions?
What is the role of ATP in allowing the coupling of thermodynamically unfavorable reactions to favorable ones?
What is the role of ATP in allowing the coupling of thermodynamically unfavorable reactions to favorable ones?
Which compound's interconversion allows the recovery of AMP by rephosphorylation to ADP?
Which compound's interconversion allows the recovery of AMP by rephosphorylation to ADP?
What is the primary reason for the high free-energy change on hydrolysis of ATP?
What is the primary reason for the high free-energy change on hydrolysis of ATP?
In the context of high-energy compounds, which compound acts as an 'Energy Currency' in the cell?
In the context of high-energy compounds, which compound acts as an 'Energy Currency' in the cell?
What role do thiol esters, acyl carrier protein, and amino acid esters play in cellular processes?
What role do thiol esters, acyl carrier protein, and amino acid esters play in cellular processes?
Which major energy source participates in the energy conservation or energy capture processes within the cell?
Which major energy source participates in the energy conservation or energy capture processes within the cell?
What happens at a rapid rate due to the extremely small total ATP/ADP pool within active tissues?
What happens at a rapid rate due to the extremely small total ATP/ADP pool within active tissues?
How does ADP participate in maintaining energy levels within the cell?
How does ADP participate in maintaining energy levels within the cell?
Where does the free energy come from in oxidative phosphorylation in aerobic organisms?
Where does the free energy come from in oxidative phosphorylation in aerobic organisms?
How many nucleotides are formed as a result of glycolysis converting one molecule of glucose to lactate?
How many nucleotides are formed as a result of glycolysis converting one molecule of glucose to lactate?
Where is creatine phosphate primarily found as a storage form of high-energy phosphate?
Where is creatine phosphate primarily found as a storage form of high-energy phosphate?
What is generated directly at the succinate thiokinase step in the Citric Acid Cycle?
What is generated directly at the succinate thiokinase step in the Citric Acid Cycle?
Which compound acts as the 'Energy Currency' of the cell by allowing the coupling of thermodynamically unfavorable reactions to favorable ones?
Which compound acts as the 'Energy Currency' of the cell by allowing the coupling of thermodynamically unfavorable reactions to favorable ones?
What allows ATP concentrations to be maintained during rapid energy utilization for muscular contraction?
What allows ATP concentrations to be maintained during rapid energy utilization for muscular contraction?
Which process involves the transfer of high-energy phosphate between ATP and creatine?
Which process involves the transfer of high-energy phosphate between ATP and creatine?
Which enzyme catalyzes the formation of lactate from glucose in glycolysis?
Which enzyme catalyzes the formation of lactate from glucose in glycolysis?
What is the net amount of ATP generated from glycolysis when converting glucose to lactate?
What is the net amount of ATP generated from glycolysis when converting glucose to lactate?
Where does arginine phosphate primarily occur as a storage form of high-energy phosphate?
Where does arginine phosphate primarily occur as a storage form of high-energy phosphate?
