The Role of a Referee in Aquatics

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Questions and Answers

What is the role of the referee in enforcing World Aquatics regulations?

The referee shall only intervene in the competition at the request of the athletes.

The referee shall intervene in the competition at any stage to ensure that the regulations are observed. (correct)

The referee shall only enforce the regulations after the competition has started.

The referee has no authority to enforce the regulations during the competition.

What happens when finish judges without three digital watches are used?

The referee shall not be involved in the competition at all.

The referee shall not be involved in determining the placing.

The referee shall determine the placing only in the absence of finish judges.

The referee shall determine the placing where necessary. (correct)

What is the referee's role in ensuring the necessary officials are present?

The referee shall appoint substitutes for absent officials, but not additional officials.

The referee shall not be responsible for ensuring the necessary officials are present.

The referee shall only appoint additional officials, not substitutes.

The referee shall ensure that all necessary officials are in their respective posts for the conduct of the competition. (correct)

What is the signal to start an event?

A series of short whistles followed by a long whistle. Signup and view all the answers

What happens after the referee gestures to the starter with a stretched-out arm?

The starter takes control of the start. Signup and view all the answers

What is the referee's role in adjudicating protests?

The referee shall adjudicate protests related to the competition in progress. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the referee uses Automatic Officiating Equipment?

The referee shall consult the equipment's output as stated in II.13. Signup and view all the answers

What is the referee's role in relation to the World Aquatics regulations?

The referee shall enforce the World Aquatics regulations and decide all questions related to the competition. Signup and view all the answers

Who confirms a disqualification for starting before the starting signal?

The Starter and the Referee Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for reviewing video timing to confirm early take-offs in relay events?

The Control Room Supervisor Signup and view all the answers

Who appoints officials to determine if the starting swimmer is in contact with the starting platform in relay events?

The Referee Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Call Room Supervisor?

To assemble swimmers prior to each event Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for checking the results from computer printouts?

The Control Room Supervisor Signup and view all the answers

Who reports a swimmer to the Referee for delaying the start or for willful disobedience?

The Starter Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Inspector of Turns at the start end of the pool?

To ensure swimmers comply with the rules from the start signal until the completion of the first arm stroke Signup and view all the answers

Who has full control of the swimmers from the time the Referee turns them over to them until the race has commenced?

The Starter Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Chief Inspector of Turns?

To ensure inspectors of turns fulfil their duties during the competition Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for entering results on official forms?

The Control Room Supervisor Signup and view all the answers

In 400m, 800m, and 1500m events, how are the last two heats seeded?

In accordance with II.3.1.1.2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of swimmers seeded into any one preliminary heat?

Three Signup and view all the answers

When is lane 0 used in an event?

When there are equal times established for the 8th place in the heats of events in excess of 200m Signup and view all the answers

What happens in case of three equal times for 8th place in the heats or semi-finals?

Lane 9 and 0 are used with a random draw for lane 8, 9 and 0 Signup and view all the answers

How are lanes assigned in 50 metre events in 50 metre pools?

The fastest swimmer is placed in lane 4 Signup and view all the answers

How are lanes assigned in semi-finals and finals?

Based on times established in the heats Signup and view all the answers

What happens when swimmers from the same or different heats have equal times recorded?

A swim-off is held to determine which swimmer shall advance to the finals Signup and view all the answers

What happens when one or more swimmers scratch from a semi-final or final?

Reserves are called in order of classifications in heats or semi-finals Signup and view all the answers

Where must swimmers report to before the competition?

The First Call Room Signup and view all the answers

What is used in other competitions to assign lane positions?

A random draw system Signup and view all the answers

When does the jurisdiction of the Inspector of Turns at the finish commence?

From the beginning of the last arm stroke before touching Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Backstroke ledge?

To provide a starting point for backstroke events Signup and view all the answers

In individual events of 800 and 1500 meters, how do the Inspectors of Turns inform swimmers of the remaining number of laps to be completed?

By displaying 'lap cards' showing odd numbers Signup and view all the answers

When do Inspectors of Turns at the starting end give a warning signal to swimmers in individual events of 800 and 1500 meters?

When the swimmer has two lengths plus five meters to swim to finish Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Judges of Stroke in a swimming competition?

To ensure the rules related to the style of swimming are being observed Signup and view all the answers

What is the responsibility of the Chief Timekeeper?

To assign seating positions for timekeepers Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Timekeepers in a swimming competition?

To monitor the timing of the swimmers Signup and view all the answers

When do Timekeepers start their watches?

At the start of the race Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Finish Judges in a swimming competition?

To determine the order of finish in close races Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Referee in relation to Timekeepers?

To instruct Timekeepers to record times at intermediate distances Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for checking results from computer printouts or from results of times and placing in each event?

Chief Recorder Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Video Review Supervisor in regards to rule infractions?

Review and confirm infractions reported by Video Review Judges Signup and view all the answers

How are swimmers with identical times or without times placed in the seeding list?

By a draw Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Video Review Judge?

To observe the turns and finishes of swimmers Signup and view all the answers

How are the starting stations for all events in Olympic Games, World Aquatics Championships, and other World Aquatics competitions determined?

By seeding Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Finish Judges?

To report the placing of swimmers Signup and view all the answers

How are the lanes assigned in each heat during the seeding process?

In descending order of submitted times Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Recorder?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What happens to swimmers who do not submit official recorded times during the seeding process?

They are considered the slowest and placed at the end of the list Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Chief Recorder witnessing the Referee's signing of the results?

To verify the results Signup and view all the answers

In the World Aquatics Swimming Championships, which events may be conducted on a timed final basis with the fastest heat only conducted during the finals session?

The 800m Freestyle and the 1500m Freestyle Signup and view all the answers

In what events do swimmers start from the water?

Backstroke and Medley Relay Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum width of the first and last lane in a pool?

2.4 metres Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum extension of the anchor into the pool?

10mm Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a swimmer initiates a start before the signal?

They will be disqualified Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum diameter of the wave reducing components?

0.10 metre Signup and view all the answers

What is the requirement for a swimmer to qualify in an individual race?

They must complete the whole distance Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the lane rope in a pool?

To reduce the pool waves and separate swimming lanes Signup and view all the answers

What must swimmers do on the pool deck after respecting the presentation protocol?

They must immediately remove all clothing except for swimwear Signup and view all the answers

What is not allowed in freestyle events or during the freestyle portion of medley events?

Walking Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum tension required for the lane ropes?

1.0kN Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a swimmer pulls on the lane rope?

They will be disqualified Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum width of the rest ledges in a pool?

0.15 metre Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a swimmer obstructs another swimmer?

The referee will report the matter to the Member promoting the race Signup and view all the answers

How many colours are used for the lane ropes in a standard eight-lane pool?

4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence for a swimmer who enters the water in which an event is being conducted before all swimmers have completed the race?

They will be disqualified from their next scheduled race Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the gutters in a pool?

To allow for attachment of touch panels Signup and view all the answers

How many swimmers are on each relay team?

Four Signup and view all the answers

Where must relay exchanges commence from?

The starting platform Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum distance from the end wall of the pool where the floats change colour?

5.0 metres Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum diameter of the wave reducing components?

0.15 metre Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a swimmer's feet lose touch with the starting platform before the preceding team-mate touches the wall?

The team is disqualified Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a team member, other than the designated swimmer, enters the water before all swimmers have finished the race?

The team is disqualified Signup and view all the answers

Can the composition of a relay team be changed during the heats and finals of an event?

Yes, provided it is made up from the list of swimmers properly entered by a member for that event Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a swimmer fails to leave the pool as soon as possible after finishing their race?

The swimmer is disqualified Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Automatic Officiating Equipment in determining the winner of a race?

It is used to determine the winner, and the placing and times so determined shall have precedence over the decisions of timekeepers Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the Automatic Officiating Equipment breaks down or fails to activate?

The times recorded by the timekeepers are used to determine the winner Signup and view all the answers

How are times recorded when using Automatic Officiating Equipment?

To 1/100 of a second Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a swimmer is disqualified during or following an event?

Their time is not recorded, and they are not awarded a place Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a relay team is disqualified?

Legal splits up to the time of the disqualification are recorded in the official results Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum length required for a swimming pool when touch panels of Automatic Officiating Equipment are used on the starting end?

50.000 metres Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum admissible tolerance for a 50.000 m swimming pool?

+0.010, and -0.000 metre Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum depth required for pools with starting blocks?

1.35 metres Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the World Aquatics' approval of swimsuits?

To ensure swimmers are not aided by their swimsuits Signup and view all the answers

What is the requirement for the width of a swimming pool?

No minimum width requirement Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of recording 50 metre and 100 metre splits for lead-off swimmers during relays?

To publish the results in the official records Signup and view all the answers

What is the requirement for the end walls of a swimming pool?

They must be vertical and parallel to the swimming course Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum Wall to Wall distance for a 25.000 m swimming pool with touch panels on both ends?

25.030 metres Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of taping fingers or toes in swimming competitions?

To provide support due to injury Signup and view all the answers

What is the requirement for the material used in swimsuits?

They must be made from textile materials Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum width of a lane in a swimming pool?

2.5 metres Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum width of a rest ledge along the pool walls?

0.15 metre Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a lane rope in a swimming pool?

To reduce pool waves and separate swimming lanes Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum diameter of a float in a lane rope?

0.10 metre Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum acceptable deviation from verticality of a pool wall?

±0.3 degrees Signup and view all the answers

What is the colour of the lane ropes in lanes 1 and 8 in an eight-lane pool?

GREEN Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the take-up reel in a lane rope?

To absorb sudden high point loads Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum distance below the water surface that a rest ledge must be placed?

1.2 metres Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum tension that a lane rope should be stretched to?

1-1.2kN Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the anchor in a lane rope?

To secure the lane rope to the end wall Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum tolerance in 50.000m swimming pools when touch panels are installed?

+0.010, and -0.000 metre Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum depth required for pools with starting blocks?

1.35 metres Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the surveyor or qualified official in measuring pool lengths?

To certify the measurements of the pool's length and width Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Automated Data Collection devices?

To collect data for the sole purpose of analysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the requirement for swimsuits in swimming competitions?

They must be made from textile materials Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of marking 25 metres in 50 metre pools?

To mark the halfway point of the pool Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of lane numbers on the lane ropes?

To identify the lane number Signup and view all the answers

What is the requirement for the end walls of the pool?

They must be vertical, parallel and form 90-degree right angles to the swimming course and to the surface of the water Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the World Aquatics approval for swimsuits?

It is required for World Records only Signup and view all the answers

What is the requirement for the width of the pool?

There is no minimum width requirement Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Officials

The referee has full control and authority over all officials, approves assignments, and instructs them on special features and regulations.
The referee enforces all World Aquatics rules, decides on questions related to the competition, and adjudicates all protests.
The referee can intervene in the competition at any stage to ensure World Aquatics regulations are observed.
The referee determines placing where necessary, and consults Automatic Officiating Equipment (if available).
The referee ensures all necessary officials are in their posts, appoints substitutes if necessary, and can appoint additional officials.

Referee's Responsibilities

The referee signals the start of an event with a series of whistles, and gestures to the starter when swimmers are ready.
The referee disqualifies swimmers for starting before the signal, and verifies disqualifications with Automatic Officiating Equipment (if available).
The referee disqualifies swimmers for any other rule violations, and signs disqualification cards.

Other Officials

The Control Room Supervisor oversees the operation of Automatic Officiating Equipment, checks results, and reports early take-offs in relay events.
The Starter has control of swimmers from the referee's signal until the start, and reports swimmers for delaying the start or misconduct.
The Call Room Supervisor assembles swimmers prior to each event, and reports violations regarding swimwear, advertising, and absence.
The Chief Inspector of Turns ensures inspectors fulfill their duties during the competition.
Inspectors of Turns observe swimmers during the start, turns, and finish, and report violations.
Judges of Stroke observe the style of swimming and report violations.
The Chief Timekeeper assigns timekeepers, collects times, and records the official time.
Timekeepers start and stop their watches at the starting signal, and record times on cards.
Finish Judges decide and report the placing of swimmers.
The Chief Recorder and Recorder check results, control withdrawals, and maintain scores.

Seeding of Heats, Semi-Finals, and Finals

Swimmers are seeded based on their submitted times, with the fastest swimmer in the center lane.
Lane assignment is based on a specific pattern, with the fastest swimmer in the center lane.
Swimmers with identical times are assigned lanes by draw.
In the semi-finals and finals, lanes are assigned based on times established in the heats.

The Start

The start in Freestyle, Breaststroke, Butterfly, and Individual Medley races is with a dive.
The start in Backstroke and Medley Relay races is from the water.
The command "Take your marks" is given in English, and the start is by multiple loudspeakers.
Any swimmer starting before the signal may be disqualified.### The Race
All individual races must be held as separate gender events.
A swimmer must cover the whole distance to qualify, and any swimmer who does not complete the whole distance will be disqualified.
Swimmers must remove all clothing except for swimwear after respecting the presentation protocol on the pool deck.
Swimmers must remain in the same lane they started in and complete the race.
When turning, swimmers must make physical contact with the end of the pool or course and cannot take a stride or step from the bottom of the pool.
Standing on the bottom during freestyle events is allowed, but walking is not.
Pulling on the lane rope is not permitted.
Obstructing another swimmer by swimming across another lane or interfering will result in disqualification, and intentional fouls will be reported to the Member promoting the race.
Any swimmer not entered in a race who enters the water before all swimmers have completed the race will be disqualified from their next scheduled race.
Relay teams must consist of four swimmers, and mixed relays must consist of two men and two women. Split times achieved in mixed relays cannot be used for records or entry purposes.
Relay exchanges must commence from the starting platform, and running starts from the pool deck are not permitted.
If a team member's feet lose touch with the starting platform before the preceding team-mate touches the wall, the team will be disqualified.
Any relay team member who enters the water before all swimmers have finished the race will result in disqualification, unless it's a documented medical emergency.

Timing

Automatic Officiating Equipment is used to determine the winner, placings, and times, and its recordings have precedence over timekeeper decisions.
In the event of equipment failure, timekeepers' recordings will be official.
When Automatic Officiating Equipment is used, results are recorded to 1/100 of a second, and equal times will be accorded the same placing.
Manual timing devices must be certified as accurate and registered to 1/100 of a second.

Swimming Facilities and Equipment

Pools must be 50.000 or 25.000 metres in length, with an admissible tolerance of +0.010 and -0.000 metres.
The width of the pool has no minimum requirement but must comply with lane provisions.
The minimum depth of pools is 1.35 metres for pools with starting blocks and 1.0 metre elsewhere.
End walls must be vertical, parallel, and have a slip-resistant surface extending 0.8 metres below the water surface.
Rest ledges along pool walls are permitted but must be at least 1.2 metres below the water surface.
Gutters may be placed on all four walls, but end wall gutters must allow for attachment of touch panels.
Lanes must be at least 2.5 metres wide, with first and last lanes allowed to be 2.4 metres wide.
Lane ropes must extend the full length of the course, reduce pool waves, and be secured at each end wall to anchor brackets.

Swimwear and Wearables

Swimsuits for men must not extend above the navel or below the knee, and for women, must not cover the neck, extend past the shoulder, or below the knee.
Swimsuits must be made from textile materials.
No swimmer is allowed to use devices or swimsuits that aid speed, buoyancy, or endurance during competition, but technology and automated data collection devices are permitted for data collection only.
Goggles may be worn, and tape is allowed for injured fingers or toes, but other tape on the body is not permitted unless approved.
A World Record will only be recognized by World Aquatics if approved swimwear has been used.### Lane Rope Specifications
Lane rope length should have a negative buoyancy, with at least half to two-thirds of the wave reducing components submerged.
The take-up reel of the lane rope requires a tool to lock tensioning into position and prevent unauthorized tampering.
The lane rope should be equipped with a tension spring to absorb sudden high point loads and a wire withstanding a tensile force of 12kN.

Lane Rope Installation

In an 8-lane pool, lane ropes should extend the full length of the course, secured at each end wall to anchor brackets recessed into the end walls.
The anchor should be positioned so that the floats at each end wall of the pool are on the surface of the water.

Lane Rope Composition

Each lane rope consists of floats placed end-to-end, with a minimum diameter of 0.10m and a maximum of 0.15m.
The floats extending 5.0m from each end of the pool should be red in color.

Lane Rope Color Scheme

Lane 1 and 8: 2 GREEN ropes
Lanes 2, 3, 6, and 7: 4 BLUE ropes
Lanes 4 and 5: 3 YELLOW ropes

Lane Rope Tension and Spacing

Lane ropes should be firmly stretched with a tension of 1-1.2kN.
There should be no more than one lane rope between each lane.

Marking Lane Ropes

At the 15-meter mark from each end wall of the pool, the components should be distinct in color from the surrounding components.
In 50-meter pools, the components should be distinct to mark 25 meters.
Lane numbers made of soft material can be placed on the lane ropes at the start and turning end of the pool.

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Learn about the responsibilities and authority of a referee in aquatics competitions, including enforcing rules and making decisions.

The Role of a Referee in Aquatics

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Questions and Answers

What is the role of the referee in enforcing World Aquatics regulations?

What happens when finish judges without three digital watches are used?

What is the referee's role in ensuring the necessary officials are present?

What is the signal to start an event?

What happens after the referee gestures to the starter with a stretched-out arm?

What is the referee's role in adjudicating protests?

What happens when the referee uses Automatic Officiating Equipment?

What is the referee's role in relation to the World Aquatics regulations?

Who confirms a disqualification for starting before the starting signal?

Who is responsible for reviewing video timing to confirm early take-offs in relay events?

Who appoints officials to determine if the starting swimmer is in contact with the starting platform in relay events?

What is the role of the Call Room Supervisor?

Who is responsible for checking the results from computer printouts?

Who reports a swimmer to the Referee for delaying the start or for willful disobedience?

What is the role of the Inspector of Turns at the start end of the pool?

Who has full control of the swimmers from the time the Referee turns them over to them until the race has commenced?

What is the role of the Chief Inspector of Turns?

Who is responsible for entering results on official forms?

In 400m, 800m, and 1500m events, how are the last two heats seeded?

What is the minimum number of swimmers seeded into any one preliminary heat?

When is lane 0 used in an event?

What happens in case of three equal times for 8th place in the heats or semi-finals?

How are lanes assigned in 50 metre events in 50 metre pools?

How are lanes assigned in semi-finals and finals?

What happens when swimmers from the same or different heats have equal times recorded?

What happens when one or more swimmers scratch from a semi-final or final?

Where must swimmers report to before the competition?

What is used in other competitions to assign lane positions?

When does the jurisdiction of the Inspector of Turns at the finish commence?

What is the purpose of the Backstroke ledge?

In individual events of 800 and 1500 meters, how do the Inspectors of Turns inform swimmers of the remaining number of laps to be completed?

When do Inspectors of Turns at the starting end give a warning signal to swimmers in individual events of 800 and 1500 meters?

What is the role of Judges of Stroke in a swimming competition?

What is the responsibility of the Chief Timekeeper?

What is the role of Timekeepers in a swimming competition?

When do Timekeepers start their watches?

What is the purpose of Finish Judges in a swimming competition?

What is the role of the Referee in relation to Timekeepers?

Who is responsible for checking results from computer printouts or from results of times and placing in each event?

What is the role of the Video Review Supervisor in regards to rule infractions?

How are swimmers with identical times or without times placed in the seeding list?

What is the purpose of the Video Review Judge?

How are the starting stations for all events in Olympic Games, World Aquatics Championships, and other World Aquatics competitions determined?

What is the role of the Finish Judges?

How are the lanes assigned in each heat during the seeding process?

What is the role of the Recorder?

What happens to swimmers who do not submit official recorded times during the seeding process?

What is the purpose of the Chief Recorder witnessing the Referee's signing of the results?

In the World Aquatics Swimming Championships, which events may be conducted on a timed final basis with the fastest heat only conducted during the finals session?

In what events do swimmers start from the water?

What is the minimum width of the first and last lane in a pool?

What is the maximum extension of the anchor into the pool?

What happens if a swimmer initiates a start before the signal?

What is the minimum diameter of the wave reducing components?

What is the requirement for a swimmer to qualify in an individual race?

What is the purpose of the lane rope in a pool?

What must swimmers do on the pool deck after respecting the presentation protocol?

What is not allowed in freestyle events or during the freestyle portion of medley events?

What is the minimum tension required for the lane ropes?

What happens if a swimmer pulls on the lane rope?

What is the maximum width of the rest ledges in a pool?

What happens if a swimmer obstructs another swimmer?

How many colours are used for the lane ropes in a standard eight-lane pool?

What is the consequence for a swimmer who enters the water in which an event is being conducted before all swimmers have completed the race?

What is the purpose of the gutters in a pool?

How many swimmers are on each relay team?

Where must relay exchanges commence from?

What is the minimum distance from the end wall of the pool where the floats change colour?

What is the maximum diameter of the wave reducing components?

What happens if a swimmer's feet lose touch with the starting platform before the preceding team-mate touches the wall?

What happens if a team member, other than the designated swimmer, enters the water before all swimmers have finished the race?

Can the composition of a relay team be changed during the heats and finals of an event?

What happens if a swimmer fails to leave the pool as soon as possible after finishing their race?

What is the role of the Automatic Officiating Equipment in determining the winner of a race?

What happens if the Automatic Officiating Equipment breaks down or fails to activate?

How are times recorded when using Automatic Officiating Equipment?