The Rise and Fall of Nokia

• Mark Angelo G. Inducil prepared this text.
• Stephen Elop, former Nokia CEO, commented, "We didn't do anything wrong, but somehow, we lost."
• Way before phones had apps, touchscreens, or cameras, one Finnish brand led the mobile phone revolution.
• Nokia was known for its indestructible build and multiday battery,
• Nokia swiftly captured market share by promoting mobile phones as fashion accessories.
• The company allowed users to swap cover colors turning a cellphone into a fashion statement.
• By 1998, Nokia overtook Motorola to become the world's largest mobile phone brand.
• At its peak in 2007, Nokia had 51% of global market share in mobile phones.
• In 2013, Nokia's phone business was sold to Microsoft for $7.2 billion.
• Nokia declined because they focused only on hardware, were reluctant to change operating systems, became a dysfunctional organization and missed the smartphone wave.
• Ada Augusta Countess of Lovelace's code written in the appendix of her translation to English of an Italian work on the Analytical Engine would have to be this.
  • It was never tested because the machine was never built.
• Alan Turing is known as the first person to come up with software theory (Year 1935).
• The first software was created by using binary codes for instructions.

Early Social Media

• The first social media site was born in 1997.
• One of the first true social media sites, SixDegrees.com, you could set up a profile page, create lists of connections, and send messages within networks.
• The site amassed around one million users before it was bought out for $125 million. in 2000.
• It later made a modest comeback and still subsists today.
• “hot or Not (AmIHotorNot.com)” invited users to submit photos of themselves so others could rate their attractiveness.
• The site is rumored to have influenced the creators of Facebook and YouTube.
• In 2014, the new owners tried to revive it as a “game”.
• Launched in 2002, Friendster was originally going to be a dating site that would help set up people with friends in common.
  • You could create a profile, include “status updates” and reveal your mood.
  • Messaging “friends of friends of friends" was also a thing.
• The site amassed around one million users before it was bought out for $125 million in 2000.

Invention and the Early Days

• The development of the Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) in the 1960s paved the way for electronic commerce.
• The EDI replaced traditional mailing and faxing of documents by allowing a digital transfer of data from one computer to another.
• Trading partners transferred orders, invoices, and other business transactions using a data format that met the ANSI ASC X12, the predominant set of standards in North America for inter-industry electronic exchange.
• Once an order is sent, it is then examined by a VAN (Value-Added Network) and directed to the recipient's order processing system.
• EDI allowed the transfer of data seamlessly without any human intervention.
• Michael Aldrich's invention was sparked by a conversation with his wife about their weekly supermarket shopping trips.
  • It involved hooking a television to their supermarket to have them deliver the groceries.
• Aldrich coined his invention “teleshopping” (shopping at a distance), which can be seen as the precursor for modern online shopping.

Early Ecommerce Platforms

• It was apparent from the beginning that these early advancements would make B2B online shopping commercially lucrative.
• In 1982, France launched Minitel, an online service that used a Videotex terminal machine accessed through telephone lines.
  • The Minitel was free to telephone subscribers and connected millions of users to a computing network.
• By 1997, over 7 million homes had Minitel terminals.
• The Minitel system was popular before falling out of favor after the success of the internet three years later.

The World Wide Web Arrives

• In 1990 Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau published a proposal to build a "Hypertext project" called "World Wide Web."
  • The inspiration for this project was modeled after the Dynatex SGML reader licensed by CERN.
• Berners-Lee created the first web server and wrote the first web browser that same year.
  • He debuted the web on August 6, 1991 as a publicly-available service on the Internet.
• Berners-Lee developed URL, HTML and HTTP when he decided he would take on the task of marrying hypertext to the Internet,.
• In 1991, the National Science Foundation lifted its restrictions on commercial use of the NET, causing online shopping to grow exponentially.
• In September 1995, the NSF began charging a fee for registering domain names and the number of domain names quickly grew to two million by 1993.
• The NSF's role in the Internet came to an end and a lot of the oversight shifted to the commercial sector by this time.
• There were concerns over the safety of online shopping from the beginning.
• Secure Socket Layers (SSL)—an encryption certificate created by Netscape in 1994, provided a safe way to transmit data over the internet.
• Web browsers were able to identify whether a site had an authenticated SSL.
• SSL encryption protocol is a vital part of web security and version 3.0 has become the standard for most web servers today.

The Rise of Amazon

• In 1994 Jeff Bezos, a former Wall Street hedge fund executive, incorporated Amazon.com.
  • He chose the name primarily because it began with the first letter of the alphabet.
  • Because of its association with the vast South American river.
• Bezos concluded that books would be the most logical product initially to sell online based on research he had conducted.
• Amazon.com was not the first company to do so; Computer Literacy, a Silicon Valley bookstore, began selling books from its inventory to its technically astute customers in 1991.
• Amazon.com promised to deliver any book to any reader anywhere.
• eBay Inc. is an American multinational e-commerce corporation based in San Jose, California.
  • Facilitates consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer sales through its website.
• eBay was founded by Pierre Omidyar in 1995, and became a notable success story of the dot-com bubble.
• Alibaba Group was established in 1999 by 18 people led by Jack Ma, a former English teacher from Hangzhou, China.
• The company's founders shared the belief that the Internet would level the playing field by enabling small enterprises to leverage innovation and technology to grow and compete more effectively in the domestic and global economies.
• Alibaba Group, since launching its first website, has grown into a digital ecosystem with businesses comprising commerce, cloud computing, digital media and entertainment, and innovation initiatives.
• WebCrawler started life in January 1994.
  • Designed by Brian Pinkerton at the University of Washington, it was originally a desktop app. -The web version went live in April of the same year.
• At launch, it had 4,000 websites in its database.
  • It took just six months for the engine to search for its one-millionth query.
• WebCrawler is the oldest search engine that is still active. -Today, it aggregates results from Google and Yahoo.
  • It abandoned its own database in 2001.
• Lycos is another old-school search engine that still has a functioning site.
• It was born out of Carnegie Mellon University in May 1994 when creator Michael Loren Mauldin turned his university project into a full-fledged company.
• The site went live with more than $2 million in funding.
• Lycos owns several other nostalgic internet brands, including Angelfire, Tripod, and Gamesville.
• Yahoo was founded in 1994 with its site going live in 1995 and is the most well-known of all the pre-Google search engines.
• It is still a tech giant, despite rocky periods.
• As of 2021, some of its other services include Yahoo News, Yahoo Mail, Yahoo Finance, and Yahoo Sports, all of which rack up tens of millions of views per day.
• Yahoo also has a litany of failed products in its back catalog, including Yahoo Games, Yahoo Music, Yahoo Messenger, and Yahoo Directory.
• According to Alexa, it is still the 11th most-visited site in the world as of 2021.
• Ask Jeeves started in 1996 and immediately found popularity thanks to its unique question-and-answer format.
• The vision was to create a search engine that allowed users to get answers using natural language as well as keyword searching.
  • Many now take that for granted , thanks to Google, but it was revolutionary at the time.
• The company had a memorable mascot in Jeeves the Butler and was eventually phased out in 2006 amid increased competition and declining fortunes.
• The site rebranded to Ask.com and went back to a simple question-and-answer format, an approach it still uses to this day.

The Big Techs

• Apple Computers, Inc. was founded on April 1, 1976, by college dropouts Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak and they brought to the new company a vision of changing the way people viewed computers.
• Jobs and Wozniak wanted to make computers small enough for people to have them in their homes or offices.
• Simply put, they wanted a computer that was user-friendly.
• Jobs and Wozniak started out building the Apple I in Jobs' garage and sold them without a monitor, keyboard, or casing (which they decided to add on in 1977).
• The Apple II revolutionized the computer industry with the introduction of the first-ever color graphics.
• 1 Sales jumped from $7.8 million in 1978 to $117 million in 1980, the year Apple went public.
• Back in 1985 Sculley turned down an appeal from Microsoft founder Bill Gates to license its software.
• This decision would later come back to haunt him because Microsoft, whose Windows operating system (OS) featured a graphical interface similar to Apple's, became their toughest competition in the late 1980s and throughout the 1990s.
• Over the course of a few years, Apple's market share suffered slowly after its peak in 1990 and by 1996, experts believed the company to be doomed.
• Steve Jobs became an interim CEO, or iCEO as he called himself.
  • He was not officially the CEO until 2000.
• Jobs forged an alliance with Microsoft to create a Mac version of its popular office software.
• Apple introduced the iBook (a personal laptop) followed by iPod, an mp3 player, which became market leader.
• The iPhone, a touch screen cellular phone, introduced in 2007.
  • One the world’s most successful products and the company has released several new versions since.
  • iPad tablet and Apple Watch are also popular products.
• Steve Jobs died October 5, 2011. but Apple continues on with his legacy with Tim Cook at the helm as the CEO.
• The popularity of iPhones made Apple the first company valued at one trillion dollars in 2018 and two years later it doubled that figure
• Google, in full Google LLC, formerly Google Inc. (1998–2017) is an American search engine company, founded in 1998 by Sergey Brin and Larry Page and that is a subsidiary of the holding company Alphabet Inc.
• More than 70 percent of worldwide online search requests are handled by Google, placing it at the heart of most Internet users' experience.
  • Its headquarters are in Mountain View, California.
• Google began as an online search firm, but it now offers more than 50 Internet services and products, from e-mail and online document creation to software for mobile phones and tablet computers.
• Its 2012 acquisition of Motorola Mobility put it in the position to sell hardware in the form of mobile phones.
• Google's broad product portfolio and size make it one of the top four influential companies in the high-tech marketplace, along with Apple, IBM, and Microsoft.
• Despite products Alphabet earned nearly all of its revenue from Google advertising based on users' search requests in 2016
• IBM, in full International Business Machines Corporation, is a leading American computer manufacturer, with a major share of the market both in the United States and abroad and has headquarters in Armonk, New York.
• IBM was incorporated in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company in a consolidation of three smaller companies that made punch-card tabulators and other office products.
• The company assumed its present name in 1924 under the leadership of Thomas Watson, a man of considerable marketing skill who became general manager in 1914 and had gained complete control of the firm by 1924.
• Watson built the then-floundering company into the leading American manufacturer of punch-card tabulating systems used by governments and private businesses.
  • He developed a highly disciplined and competitive sales force that adapted the company's custom-built tabulating systems to the needs of particular customers.
• Since 2000, IBM has placed one of its supercomputers consistently at or near the top of the industry's list of most powerful machines as measured by standardized computation tests.
• In addition to producing supercomputers for governments and large corporations, IBM's supercomputer division, in cooperation with the Toshiba Corporation and the Sony Corporation of Japan, designed the Cell Broadband Engine
• Developed over a four-year period beginning in 2001, this advanced computer chip has multiple applications, from supercomputers to Toshiba high-definition televisions to the Sony Playstation 3 electronic game system.
• IBM designed the computer chips for the Microsoft Corporation Xbox 360 and the Nintendo Company Wii game systems.
  • IBM became the first company to generate more than 3,000 patents in one year (2001) and, later, more than 4,000 patents in one year (2008).
• The company now holds more than 40,000 active patents, which generate considerable income from royalties. Microsoft was founded only 45 years ago, in 1977.
• In 1975 Bill Gates and Paul G. Allen, two boyhood friends from Seattle, converted BASIC, a popular mainframe computer programming language, for use on an early personal computer (PC), the Altair. Gates and Allen founded Microsoft, deriving the name from the words microcomputer and software.
• Microsoft Corporation, leading developer of personal-computer software systems and applications.
• The company publishes books and multimedia titles, produces its own line of hybrid tablet computers, offers e-mail services, and sells electronic game systems and computer peripherals (input/output devices).
• It has sales offices throughout the world.
• Facebook, American online social network service is part of the company Meta Platforms.
• Facebook was founded in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg, Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes, all of whom were students at Harvard University.
• Facebook became the largest social network in the world, with nearly three billion users as of 2021.
• About half that number were using Facebook every day.

Emerging Technologies

• Artificial intelligence is poised as a tool of choice for businesses and solution providers.
• AI, combined with machine learning, deep learning and neural networks, can be a powerful combination in social media.
• Businesses can use AI to achieve cost-saving benefits, streamline workflows, improve the customer experience, enable more efficient communications through chatbots, increase customer satisfaction, and provide insight into purchasing behavior.
• Machine learning can analyze large datasets and provide scaled insight.
  • We are currently just scratching the surface of how machine learning and AI can work together to enable businesses.
• Current applications provide huge growth potential for solution providers who can fully understand the capabilities and functionality of AI to tailor solutions to meet business demands.
• Blockchain holds promise for supply chain management, enabling transparency into the journey of materials from origin to product.
• Blockchain technology will also allow for better record management, providing a snapshot of any record from its origination.
  • This could be used to verify orders, purchases, returns, receipt of product.
• Smart contracts ensure delivery of conditions and offer endless capabilities for ensuring agreements are carried out, helping a business position itself as a trusted solution provider.
• Computer vision allows computers to derive meaning from visual input, and then take action or make decisions based on that data.
• There is significant business potential for computer vision, which could inspect products and processes as part of quality control to analyze for nearly imperceptible differences and imperfections.
• Business applications include using Google Translate to translate signage to a native language and making sense of traffic signs in self-driving cars.
• Customer data platforms bring businesses and customers better experiences Customers are as hyper-personalized as possible and knowledge is disparate, located across several systems or platforms with no single unifying source.
• Customer data platforms bring this information together into a single source to provide a comprehensive picture of consumers and eliminate the potential for unclean data. Digital Security
• Cybersecurity is no longer as an addendum in the world of information technology.
• As companies made the move to remote working models during the pandemic, a few pressing issues came to light including Traditional approaches are not flexible enough for a large-scale remote workforce.
• Cybersecurity mesh allows companies to create security measures based on the identity of a device, rather than proximity to secure connections.
  • It's a distributed approach rather than defining a perimeter based on network reach.
  • Cybersecurity mesh also allows for easy scalability across a distributed workforce.
• COVID-19 left a legacy of digital health.
  • As patients became unable to visit doctor's offices and hospitals, digital health rose to fill the gap.
  • Now that hurting or sick individuals have realized there are opportunities for receiving appropriate healthcare without in-person visitation, they are taking advantage of that opportunity.
• This fad is certainly here to stay and will likely give rise to associated technologies that leverage innovations such as biometrics to produce smart or connected medical equipment that will enable continued distanced medical examinations
• Almost anything is possible using coding .
  • A virtual manifestation of a person is a real-time representation of what takes place in the human body, know as a digital twin, are very useful for helping us to predict outcomes and measure performance.
• Multiple applications that allow us to perform testing and apply data analytics that was previously difficult and time consuming to realize with living subjects.
• Advancements such as genome mapping and gene therapy could become more viable in the near future.
• Digital twins could finally eliminate the need for clinical trials in humans as we work to change future medical challenges.
• Gartner defines edge computing as a model where “information processing and content collection and delivery are placed closer to the sources, repositories and consumers of this information.” .
• The model optimizes technological interactions and reduces latency at the point of origin to enable more effective and real-time data consumption and is quickly becoming the most efficient path for localized interactions.
• As the world becomes more digitized, informed business is the key to success and the internet of behaviors or loB provides greater clarity into consumer behavior.
  • The loB is offering opportunities in the form of data collection and analysis regarding consumer interactions.
• The loB provides substantially greater insight into how consumers are participating in the purchasing journey, analyzing data collected from IoT and online sources with a psychological perspective. Ultimately, this technology is designed to help businesses improve the user experience and engage with consumers in a more meaningful way.
• Traditional software development requires a high level of programming knowledge and a significant time investment.
• With low-code technology, software can be developed with a drag-and-drop interface and no extensive backend coding.
  • This allows business users to solve a variety of specific challenges without needing to engage a highly technical resource.
• Quantum computing provides unique predictive analysis tool leveraging principles of superposition and entanglement to process information on an exponential scale.
• There is a promise of the largest quantum computer, IBM has actually made it possible for businesses to leverage this technology.
• Quantum computing offers businesses a powerful tool for predictive analytics and big data analytics and they will help predict viable solutions as business encounter new problems.
• RPA provides automation is a term and bots accomplish more of these computer-based tasks with enhanced efficiency.

Everyday Technology

• 5G networks accelerate what we see with tech and it offers support for disruptive technologies.
• Momentum is high and anticipated that devices will become affordable to leverage 5G Power for consumers.
• Looking toward new top technology trends is reaching a state of necessity for Businesses that will innovate.
• IT industries will be most prevalent in emerging technologies and will need consumers and a community to have conversations together.