The Respiratory System

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Which of the following is a non-respiratory function of the respiratory system?

Oxygen uptake by tissues
Gas exchange across alveolar membrane
Mucociliary system
Regulation of acid-base status (correct)

What is the main purpose of the respiratory system?

To remove carbon dioxide from the peripheral tissues
To transport oxygen in the blood
To produce ATP for energy
To provide oxygen to the peripheral tissues (correct)

What is the process by which the body takes in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide?

Ventilation (correct)
Diffusion
Gas exchange
Uptake

Which division of the respiratory tract includes the trachea and bronchi?

Lower tract (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nose in the respiratory system?

To cool and warm the inspired air (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the mucociliary system in the respiratory system?

To produce antimicrobial agents (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a respiratory function of the respiratory system?

Gas exchange (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

To facilitate gas exchange (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) in the respiratory system?

To lyse clots in pulmonary vessels (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood in the respiratory system?

To transport gases to and from the cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelial cells in the alveolus occupies the majority of the surface area and is responsible for gas exchange?

Type I cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the bronchial circulation in the respiratory system?

Supply oxygenated blood to the conducting zone (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical dead space in the respiratory system?

The area of the lung that does not participate in gas exchange (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the mucociliary system in the respiratory passages?

To keep the respiratory passages moist and trap small particles from reaching the alveoli (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a structural change that occurs in the airways from the trachea to the bronchi?

Decrease in length (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the respiratory zone in the lower respiratory tract?

Gas exchange between the lung and pulmonary capillaries (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of type II epithelial cells in the alveolus?

Synthesize pulmonary surfactant and reduce surface tension (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the paranasal sinuses in the respiratory system?

Resonating chambers for speech (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the ciliated epithelium in the respiratory passages?

Beat at a frequency to move mucus towards the pharynx (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the average diameter of an alveolus in the lungs?

0.2 millimeter (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about pulmonary circulation?

It is regulated by the autonomic nervous system (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the autonomic nervous system's control of airway resistance?

Both norepinephrine and epinephrine cause dilation of the bronchial tree (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor is responsible for the relaxation of airways (bronchodilation) in the adrenergic (sympathetic + adrenal gland) system?

β2-adrenoceptors (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor is responsible for the constriction of airways (bronchoconstriction) in the cholinergic (parasympathetic or vagus) system?

M3 receptors (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about non adrenergic-non cholinergic (NANC) regulation of airways?

NANCe causes dilation of airways (C) Signup and view all the answers

What can stimulate the Vagus nerves to cause airway constriction and coughing?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is anatomical dead space?

Volume of air in the conducting airways (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is alveolar dead space?

Volume of air in the alveoli without blood flow (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is physiological dead space?

Sum of alveolar and anatomical dead space (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following local secretory factors may cause bronchiolar constriction during allergic reactions?

Histamine (A) Signup and view all the answers